Enhancing electromagnetic wave absorption with core-shell structured SiO₂@MXene@MoS₂ nanospheres

Abstract

Material composition and structural design are important factors influencing the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance of materials. To alleviate the impedance mismatch attributed to the high dielectric constant of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, we have successfully synthesized core-shell structured SiO₂@MXene@MoS₂ nanospheres. This architecture, comprising SiO₂ as the core, MXene as the intermediate layer, and MoS₂ as the outer shell, is achieved through an electrostatic self-assembly method combined with a hydrothermal process. This complex core-shell structure not only provides a variety of loss mechanisms that effectively dissipate electromagnetic energy but also prevents self-aggregation of MXene and MoS₂ nanosheets. Notably, the synergistic combination of SiO₂ and MoS₂ with highly conductive MXene enables the suitable dielectric constant of the composites, ensuring optimal impedance matching. Therefore, the core-shell structured SiO₂@MXene@MoS₂ nanospheres exhibit excellent EMW absorption performance, featuring a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of –52.11 dB (2.4 mm). It is noteworthy that these nanospheres achieve an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.72 GHz. This work provides a novel approach for designing and synthesizing high-performance EMW absorbers characterized by “wide bandwidth and strong reflection loss.”

Keywords

core-shell structure / electromagnetic wave absorption / multiloss mechanism / SiO₂@MXene@MoS₂