Liquid metal as an efficient protective layer for lithium metal anodes in all-solid-state batteries

Abstract

Lithium metal batteries with inorganic solid-state electrolytes have emerged as strong and attractive candidates for electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high-energy content and safety. Nonetheless, inherent challenges of deleterious lithium dendrite growth and poor interfacial stability hinder their commercial application. Herein, we report a liquid metal-coated lithium metal (LM@Li) anode strategy to improve the contact between lithium metal and a Li₆PS₅Cl inorganic electrolyte. The LM@Li symmetric cell shows over 1000 h of stable lithium plating/stripping cycles at 2 mA cm^–2 and a significantly higher critical current density of 9.8 mA cm^–2 at 25°C. In addition, a full battery assembled with a high-capacity composite LiNbO₃@LiNi_0.7Co_0.2Mn_0.1O₂ (LNO@NCM721) cathode shows stable cycling performance. Experimental and computational results have demonstrated that dendrite growth tolerance and physical contact in solid-state batteries can be reinforced by using LM interlayers for interfacial modification.

Keywords

all-solid-state batteries / interface engineering / liquid metals / lithium metal anodes

Author summay

Shiqiang Zhou and Mengrui Li contributed equally to this work.