Nano-Au-decorated hierarchical porous cobalt sulfide derived from ZIF-67 toward optimized oxygen evolution catalysis: Important roles of microstructures and electronic modulation

Abstract

Enhancing both the number of active sites available and the intrinsic activity of Co-based electrocatalysts simultaneously is a desirable goal. Herein, a ZIF-67-derived hierarchical porous cobalt sulfide decorated by Au nanoparticles (NPs) (denoted as HP-Au@Co_xS_y@ZIF-67) hybrid is synthesized by low-temperature sulfuration treatment. The well-defined macroporous–mesoporous–microporous structure is obtained based on the combination of polystyrene spheres, as-formed Co_xS_y nanosheets, and ZIF-67 frameworks. This novel three-dimensional hierarchical structure significantly enlarges the three-phase interfaces, accelerating the mass transfer and exposing the active centers for oxygen evolution reaction. The electronic structure of Co is modulated by Au through charge transfer, and a series of experiments, together with theoretical analysis, is performed to ascertain the electronic modulation of Co by Au. Meanwhile, HP-Au@Co_xS_y@ZIF-67 catalysts with different amounts of Au were synthesized, wherein Au and NaBH₄ reductant result in an interesting “competition effect” to regulate the relative ratio of Co²⁺/Co³⁺, and moderate Au assists the electrochemical performance to reach the highest value. Consequently, the optimized HP-Au@Co_xS_y@ZIF-67 exhibits a low overpotential of 340 mV at 10 mA cm^–2 and a Tafel slope of 42 mV dec^–1 for OER in 0.1 M aqueous KOH, enabling efficient water splitting and Zn–air battery performance. The work here highlights the pivotal roles of both microstructural and electronic modulation in enhancing electrocatalytic activity and presents a feasible strategy for designing and optimizing advanced electrocatalysts.

Keywords

Au nanoparticles / cobalt sulfide / electronic modulation / hierarchical porous structure / oxygen evolution reaction

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2024 The Authors. Carbon Energy published by Wenzhou University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.