Multi-disciplinary expert consensus on cutaneous adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors (2025)

Abstract

Cutaneous immune-related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors are among the earliest and most common adverse reactions during tumor immunotherapy, resulting in substantial physical and psychological distress for patients. In severe cases, delayed or non-standard treatment may lead to life-threatening complications. The clinical manifestations of cutaneous immune-related adverse events are diverse and complex; considerable uncertainty exists regarding their diagnosis and management, including whether to discontinue tumor immunotherapy. This consensus provides a systematic analysis, comprehensive evaluation, and recommendations on the classification, clinical presentation, and treatment of cutaneous immune-related adverse events, as well as guidance concerning whether tumor immunotherapy should be discontinued. Emphasis is placed on the fact that immune-related adverse events often affect multiple organs and systems. Therefore, clinical assessments should extend beyond cutaneous involvement to include potential complications affecting the heart, lungs, endocrine system, and digestive system.

Keywords

Tumor  / Immunotherapy / Drug toxicity / Immune checkpoint inhibitor / Cutaneous immune-related adverse events / Multi-disciplinary expert consensus

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Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373463)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s)