Comprehensive serum profiling in colorectal cancer: Evidence from a South Indian case-control study

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been associated with metabolic and inflammatory dysregulation, particularly in lipid and glucose metabolism. This study investigates the role of serum lipids and biochemical markers as potential biomarkers for CRC in the South Indian population. A case-control observational study was conducted involving 65 CRC patients and 65 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Participants were selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, ensuring the elimination of confounding factors such as other malignancies or chronic conditions. Blood samples were analyzed for lipid profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and other biochemical parameters using enzyme immunoassay kits. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate differences between groups, with a p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Significant elevations in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and the TC/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and LDL/HDL ratios were observed in CRC patients compared to controls. The observed high hs-CRP levels indicate the heightened inflammatory state in CRC. The levels of triglycerides, HDL, and very-LDL showed no significant differences, although trends of elevated uric acid and urea levels in CRC patients were noted. Blood glucose levels were significantly higher in CRC patients, suggesting possible disruptions in glucose metabolism. Liver and renal function markers remained within comparable ranges across both groups. The study highlights dysregulated lipid and glucose metabolism and increased inflammatory markers in CRC patients from the South Indian population. Elevated LDL, TC, and hs-CRP may serve as potential biomarkers for early detection and risk assessment in CRC. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring lipid and glucose profiles in CRC patients and pave the way for further research into their role in CRC pathogenesis and progression.

Keywords

Cholesterol biomarkers / Colorectal cancer / Inflammatory markers / Lipid profile / Metabolic dysregulation

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