Skin organoids as a new biological standard

Burns & Trauma ›› 2026, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (1) :tkag033 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkag033

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Imaan Ahmed, Abbas Shafiee. Skin organoids as a new biological standard. Burns & Trauma, 2026, 14 (1) : tkag033 DOI:10.1093/burnst/tkag033

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[1]	Lee J, Rabbani CC, Gao H, Steinhart MR, Woodruff BM, Pflum ZE, et al. Hair-bearing human skin generated entirely from pluripotent stem cells. Nature. 2020; 582: 399-404. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2352-3.

[2]	Wang W, Liu P, Zhu W, Li T, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. Skin organoid transplantation promotes tissue repair with scarless in frostbite. Protein Cell 2025; 16: 239-58. https://doi.org/10.1093/procel/pwae055.

[3]	Garriga-Cerda L, Pappalardo A, Lee CY, Kysar J, Myers K, Abaci HE. IPSC-derived organoid-sourced skin cells enable functional 3D skin modeling of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Tissue Eng 2025; 16: 20417314251397594. https://doi.org/10.1177/20417314251397594.

[4]	Ahmed IA, Sun J, Kong MJ, Khosrotehrani K, Shafiee A. Generating skin-derived precursor-like cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived skin organoids. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33: e70017. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.70017.

[5]	Jung SY, You HJ, Kim MJ, Ko G, Lee S, Kang KS. Wnt-activating human skin organoid model of atopic dermatitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus and its protective effects by Cutibacterium acnes. iScience. 2022; 25: 105150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105150.

[6]	Li P, Pachis ST, Xu G, Schraauwen R, Incitti R, de Vries AC, et al. Mpox virus infection and drug treatment modelled in human skin organoids. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8: 2067-79. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-023-01489-6.

[7]	Shafiee A, Sun J, Ahmed IA, Phua F, Rossi GR, Lin CY, et al. Development of physiologically relevant skin organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Small. 2024; 20: 2304879.

[8]	Ahmed I, Sun J, Brown J, Khosrotehrani K, Shafiee A. An optimized protocol for generating appendage-bearing skin organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9: bpae019. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomethods/bpae019.

[9]	Sun J, Ahmed I, Brown J, Khosrotehrani K, Shafiee A. The empowering influence of air-liquid interface culture on skin organoid hair follicle development. Burns Trauma 2025; 13: 13. https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkae070.

[10]	Mostina M, Sun J, Sim SL, Ahmed IA, Souza-Fonesca-Guimaraes F, Wolvetang EJ, et al. Coordinated development of immune cell populations in vascularized skin organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2025; 14: e02108. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202502108.