Basic helix–loop–helix ARNT like 1 regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of immune-related diseases

Fanglin Shao; Zhipeng Wang; Luxia Ye; Ruicheng Wu; Jie Wang; Qing-Xin Yu; Dilinaer Wusiman; Zhouting Tuo; Koo Han Yoo; Ziyu Shu; Wuran Wei; Dengxiong Li; William C. Cho; Zhihong Liu; Dechao Feng

doi:10.1093/burnst/tkae075

Burns & Trauma ›› 2025, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (1) :tkae075 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae075

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Basic helix–loop–helix ARNT like 1 regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of immune-related diseases

Fanglin Shao ¹^,^‡
, Zhipeng Wang ²^,^‡
, Luxia Ye ³^,^‡
, Ruicheng Wu ⁴^,^‡
, Jie Wang ⁴
, Qing-Xin Yu ⁵
, Dilinaer Wusiman ⁶^,⁷
, Zhouting Tuo ¹^,⁸
, Koo Han Yoo ⁹
, Ziyu Shu ¹⁰^,¹¹
, Wuran Wei ⁴
, Dengxiong Li ⁴^,^*
, William C. Cho ¹²^,^*
, Zhihong Liu ⁴^,^*
, Dechao Feng ⁴^,¹³^,^*

Author information +

¹ Chengdu Basebio Company , Tianfu Third Street, High-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610041, China

² Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610041, China

³ Department of Public Research Platform, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University , West Gate Street, Linhai City 317000, Zhejiang Province, China

⁴ Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China

⁵ Department of Pathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center , Huancheng North Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, China

⁶ Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University , 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

⁷ Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University , 615 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

⁸ Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Jinzhai South Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China

⁹ Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University , 26 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, South Korea

¹⁰ Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK

¹¹ Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University , Shapingba Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China

¹² Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Gascoigne Road, Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China

¹³ Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London , Gower Street, London W1T 6JF, London W1W 7TS, UK

^*Dengxiong Li, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China. E-mail: lidengxiongwch@stu.scu.edu.cn

William C. Cho, Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gascoigne Road, Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR, China. E-mail: williamcscho@gmail.com

Zhihong Liu, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China. E-mail: zhihong031@126.com

Dechao Feng, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China. E-mail: dechao.feng@ucl.ac.uk

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Abstract

The circadian clock is an internal timekeeper system that regulates biological processes through a central circadian clock and peripheral clocks controlling various genes. Basic helix–loop–helix ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1), also known as aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (ARNTL1), is a key component of the circadian clock. The deletion of BMAL1 alone can abolish the circadian rhythms of the human body. BMAL1 plays a critical role in immune cell function. Dysregulation of BMAL1 is linked to immune-related diseases such as autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer, and vice versa. This review highlights the significant role of BMAL1 in governing immune cells, including their development, differentiation, migration, homing, metabolism, and effector functions. This study also explores how dysregulation of BMAL1 can have far-reaching implications and potentially contribute to the onset of immune-related diseases such as autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cancer, sepsis, and trauma. Furthermore, this review discusses treatments for immune-related diseases that target BMAL1 disorders. Understanding the impact of BMAL1 on immune function can provide insights into the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases and help in the development of more effective treatment strategies. Targeting BMAL1 has been demonstrated to achieve good efficacy in immune-related diseases, indicating its promising potential as a targetable therapeutic target in these diseases.

Keywords

BMAL1 / ARNTL1 / Immune response / Autoimmune diseases / Infectious diseases / Cancer

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Fanglin Shao, Zhipeng Wang, Luxia Ye, Ruicheng Wu, Jie Wang, Qing-Xin Yu, Dilinaer Wusiman, Zhouting Tuo, Koo Han Yoo, Ziyu Shu, Wuran Wei, Dengxiong Li, William C. Cho, Zhihong Liu, Dechao Feng. Basic helix–loop–helix ARNT like 1 regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of immune-related diseases. Burns & Trauma, 2025, 13 (1) : tkae075 DOI:10.1093/burnst/tkae075

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