High-density implantable neural electrodes and chips for massive neural recordings

Longchun Wang; Yanxing Suo; Jiahao Wang; Xuanqi Wang; Kai Xue; Jingjing An; Xun Sun; Qinyu Chen; Xiaochen Tang; Yang Zhao; Bowen Ji; Jingquan Liu

doi:10.1002/brx2.65

Brain-X ›› 2024, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (2) : 65 DOI: 10.1002/brx2.65

REVIEW ARTICLE

High-density implantable neural electrodes and chips for massive neural recordings

Longchun Wang ¹^,²^,³
, Yanxing Suo ¹
, Jiahao Wang ⁴^,⁵^,⁶
, Xuanqi Wang ⁴^,⁵^,⁶
, Kai Xue ⁴^,⁵^,⁶
, Jingjing An ¹^,²^,³
, Xun Sun ⁷
, Qinyu Chen ⁸
, Xiaochen Tang ⁹
, Yang Zhao ¹^,^†
, Bowen Ji ⁴^,⁵^,⁶^,^†
, Jingquan Liu ¹^,²^,³^,^†

Author information +

¹. Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

². National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

³. DCI Joint Team, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

⁴. Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

⁵. National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

⁶. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

⁷. Institute of Guizhou Aerospace Measuring and Testing Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

⁸. Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

⁹. Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

yangzhao90@sjtu.edu.cn

bwji@nwpu.edu.cn

jqliu@sjtu.edu.cn

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Abstract

High-density neural recordings with superior spatiotemporal resolution powerfully unveil cellular-scale neural communication, showing great promise in neural science, translational medicine, and clinical applications. To achieve such, many design and fabrication innovations enhanced the electrode, chip, or both for biocompatibility improvement, electrical performance upgrade, and size miniaturization, offering several thousands of recording sites. However, an enormous gap exists along the trajectory toward billions of recording sites for brain scale resolution, posing many more design challenges. This review tries to find possible insight into mitigating the gap by discussing the latest progress in high-density electrodes and chips for neural recordings. It emphasizes the design, fabrication, bonding techniques, and in vivo performance optimization of high-density electrodes. It discusses the promising opportunities for circuit-level and architecturelevel multi-channel chip design innovations. We expect that joint effort and close collaboration between high-density electrodes and chips will pave the way to high-resolution neural recording tools supporting cutting-edge neuroscience discoveries and applications.

Keywords

brain-computer interface / massive neural recording / high density / implantable electrodes / implantable chips

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Longchun Wang, Yanxing Suo, Jiahao Wang, Xuanqi Wang, Kai Xue, Jingjing An, Xun Sun, Qinyu Chen, Xiaochen Tang, Yang Zhao, Bowen Ji, Jingquan Liu. High-density implantable neural electrodes and chips for massive neural recordings. Brain-X, 2024, 2(2): 65 DOI:10.1002/brx2.65