Computer simulations in left atrial appendage occlusion: Current applications and future potential

Abstract

Left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion (LAAO) prevents thromboembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, particularly those unsuitable for long-term anticoagulation therapy. However, complex and variable LAA morphology challenges LAAO, including device selection and post-procedural device-related thrombosis. To address these issues, in silico/virtual optimization via computational modeling and simulation has been utilized to improve pre-procedural planning, device design, thrombosis prediction, and optimization for LAAO. This review examines the evolving landscape of LAAO, with a focus on computer modeling and simulation. We assess the capabilities, key limitations, and future potential of these computational tools through literature evaluation. These tools demonstrate clinical translatability but face limitations in simulating dynamic physiological interactions. Their broader adoption will drive personalized LAAO strategies, reduce procedural complications, and inform future research aimed at bridging the gap between virtual optimization and real-world clinical outcomes.

Keywords

Left atrial appendage occlusion / Occluders / Atrial fibrillation / Stroke / Computational modeling and simulation / Hemodynamics

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Shenzhen Salubris Medtech Co., Ltd. for kindly providing the representative LAAO implantation image used in Figure 2C.

Funding

This work was supported by the STU Scientific Research Initiation Grant (NTF25001T).

Conflict of interest

Haifeng Wang is the Youth Editorial Board Member of this journal, but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

Author contributions

Conceptualization: Haifeng Wang, Yequn Chen

Visualization: Mingmeng Li

Writing - original draft: Mingmeng Li

Writing - review & editing: All authors

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data

Not applicable.

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