Recent advances in nano scaffolds for bone repair

Abstract

Biomedical applications of nanomaterials are exponentially increasing every year due to analogy to various cell receptors, ligands, structural proteins, and genetic materials (that is, DNA). In bone tissue, nanoscale materials can provide scaffold for excellent tissue repair via mechanical stimulation, releasing of various loaded drugs and mediators, 3D scaffold for cell growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells to osteocytes. This review will therefore highlight recent advancements on tissue and nanoscale materials interaction.

Biomaterials: Nanotechnology could help with bone repair

Nanoscale materials could help in bone tissue repair and regeneration in prosthetic surgery. In a review article, Nongyue He of Southeast University in Nanjing, China, and coworkers highlight recent advances in using nanotechnology to support the skeletal system. They describe the key properties for bone repair that nanoscale materials and composites must have, including biocompatibilityand bioabsorbability. Suitable nanomaterials can create an environment that promotes the growth of the various cell lineages needed for bone formation, including bone marrow stem cells and bone-supporting tissues. Nanoparticles are also being used to coat implants, in 3D-printed constructs and to induce magnetic fields to alter cell physiology. All these research strategies are designed to help overcome problems with conventional biomaterials that often fail to promote bone repair, leading to implant failure.

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