Application of platelet-rich plasma with stem cells in bone and periodontal tissue engineering

Abstract

Presently, there is a high paucity of bone grafts in the United States and worldwide. Regenerating bone is of prime concern due to the current demand of bone grafts and the increasing number of diseases causing bone loss. Autogenous bone is the present gold standard of bone regeneration. However, disadvantages like donor site morbidity and its decreased availability limit its use. Even allografts and synthetic grafting materials have their own limitations. As certain specific stem cells can be directed to differentiate into an osteoblastic lineage in the presence of growth factors (GFs), it makes stem cells the ideal agents for bone regeneration. Furthermore, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can be easily isolated from whole blood, is often used for bone regeneration, wound healing and bone defect repair. When stem cells are combined with PRP in the presence of GFs, they are able to promote osteogenesis. This review provides in-depth knowledge regarding the use of stem cells and PRP in vitro, in vivo and their application in clinical studies in the future.

Tissue engineering: Building bone with stem cells and platelet-rich plasma

Stem cells combined with Platelet-Rich Plasma offer a way to regenerate bone lost due to disease or injury. In this review article, Gabriela Fernandes and Shuying Yang from the State University of New York, Buffalo, USA, discuss how tissue engineering could help overcome the shortage of suitable graft materials for patients with bone defects. The authors describe the various growth factors in platelet-rich plasma, and how the addition of adult stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, can enhance bone formation. They provide an exhaustive summary of how this combination has been tested in cell culture, in animal models and in clinical trials. While the approach has shown promising, the authors suggest that new delivery techniques are needed that release the growth factors more slowly to fully promote the weeks-long process of bone regeneration.

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