Current research on pharmacologic and regenerative therapies for osteoarthritis

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder commonly encountered in clinical practice, and is the leading cause of disability in elderly people. Due to the poor self-healing capacity of articular cartilage and lack of specific diagnostic biomarkers, OA is a challenging disease with limited treatment options. Traditional pharmacologic therapies such as acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and opioids are effective in relieving pain but are incapable of reversing cartilage damage and are frequently associated with adverse events. Current research focuses on the development of new OA drugs (such as sprifermin/recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-18, tanezumab/monoclonal antibody against β-nerve growth factor), which aims for more effectiveness and less incidence of adverse effects than the traditional ones. Furthermore, regenerative therapies (such as autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), new generation of matrix-induced ACI, cell-free scaffolds, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells or iPSCs), and endogenous cell homing) are also emerging as promising alternatives as they have potential to enhance cartilage repair, and ultimately restore healthy tissue. However, despite currently available therapies and research advances, there remain unmet medical needs in the treatment of OA. This review highlights current research progress on pharmacologic and regenerative therapies for OA including key advances and potential limitations.

Osteoarthritis: Treatments for mobility

Next-generation therapies for osteoarthritis strive to go beyond symptom relief to achieve actual repair of damaged joint tissue. Existing treatments do little more than ease the pain for many elderly patients experiencing the painful cartilage degradation and bone growth associated with this disease. University of Western Australia researcher Jiake Xu and colleagues have reviewed a variety of treatments that are currently in the clinical pipeline which might offer a more meaningful restoration of joint function. Some are OA drugs that slow disease progression and tissue damage, while others promise to repair OA-related injuries. These include treatments based on biologic agents and regenerative therapies that could promote natural regeneration of cartilage at the joint. Finally, the authors examine a handful of potential therapies that are showing preclinical promise in animal models.

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