Soil is alive - How does soil biota influence soil mechanical properties? A perspective review

Abstract

There is a growing need for sustainable ground improvement, stabilization and remediation, as well as ways to maintain infrastructure. This is resulting in a rise of nature-based solutions, bio-based ground improvement techniques, bio-inspired methods, a “build-with-nature” approach. Shallow soil layers have historically been disregarded by geotechnical engineers due to unwanted characteristics, an overall lack of familiarity with the evolution of their properties in time, and/or theoretical framework for interpretation. Recent research in unsaturated soil mechanics, the characterization of organic soils, and understanding of organic matter transformation processes has improved understanding and modelling capabilities of shallow soil layers. However, soil biota (bacteria, fungi, algae, protists, soil fauna and plants) must also be considered. In this perspective, we summarize the effects of soil biota presence and activity on soil mechanical and hydraulic properties, explore their underlying mechanisms, and discuss how they can be utilized in implementing bio-based solutions. Additionally, we examine the applications and limitations of these bio-based solutions.

Keywords

Nature-based solutions / Root reinforcement / Soil bacteria / Soil fungi / Soil fauna

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Alena Zhelezova: Writing - original draft, Visualization, Data curation, Conceptualization. Gianmario Sorrentino: Writing - review & editing, Conceptualization. Gerald Innocent Otim: Writing - review & editing, Conceptualization. Irene Rocchi: Writing - review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

This work is part of the project Soil Is Alive (SoIA) granted by the Carlsberg Foundation as part of the consolidator excellence grant Semper Ardens: Accelerate.

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