Progress and prospect of biomimetic optical materials: A review

Abstract

Recent advances in bionic optical materials (BOMs) are systematically reviewed, emphasizing bioinspired strategies derived from natural models such as plant epidermis, aquatic organisms, avian plumage, and insect photonic architectures (e.g., butterfly wings and inverse opal structures). These biological systems exhibit sophisticated light manipulation mechanisms, including absorption, scattering, and structural coloration, which have guided the design of novel extinction materials with tunable optical properties. By mimicking hierarchical structures and dynamic light-regulation principles, researchers have developed BOMs exhibiting exceptional broadband extinction performance. Notably, applications in optical sensing and imaging systems are critically discussed, highlighting their role in enhancing camera sensitivity and adaptive optical sensor design. Furthermore, this review identifies emerging trends in nanofabrication, machine learning-assisted optimization, and biohybrid material systems. The integration of cross-disciplinary approaches is projected to accelerate the development of multifunctional BOMs, paving the way for breakthroughs in adaptive optics, environmental monitoring, and intelligent photonic devices. In the future, the integration of BOMs and distributed fiber optic sensing technology is expected to realize the whole-life optical monitoring of pile foundation structural health, and promote the development of geotechnical engineering in the direction of intelligence and high precision.

Keywords

Bionic / Structural design / Optical material / Polarized light

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Dashuang Wang: Writing - review & editing, Writing - original draft, Software, Resources, Methodology, Investigation. Tuo Ping: Supervision, Software, Resources, Project administration, Conceptualization. Zhilan Du: Validation, Software, Methodology. Tingye Liu: Visualization, Software. Yuxin Zhang: Project administration, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Graduate Scientific Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing, China (CYB22007, CYS22005), Projects (No. 2020CDJXZ001) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Project of Chongqing (Z20211350 and Z20211351), Scientific Research Project of Chongqing Ecological Environment Bureau (No. CQEE2022-STHBZZ118).

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