Influence of environmental conditions on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus in sand

Abstract

Pleurotus ostreatus, a saprotrophic fungus, has been proposed for the remediation of organic contaminants in soils and more recently for modifying the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of granular soils. The in situ performance of fungal-based biotechnologies will be controlled by the fungal growth and associated biochemical activity that can be achieved in soil. In this study, the influence of environmental conditions (temperature, degree of saturation), substrate type (lignocellulose and spent coffee grounds) and concentration on the mycelium growth of P. ostreatus in sand are investigated. Furthermore, the evolution of growth/survival indicators (respiration, ergosterol concentration) and enzymatic activity (laccase, manganese peroxidase) are investigated. Temperature was shown to have a strong influence on the growth of P.ostreatus in sand: growth was observed to be delayed at low temperatures (e.g. 5 °C), whereas growth was prevented at high temperatures (e.g. 35 °C). No growth was observed at very low degrees of saturation (S_r=0% and 1.2%), indicating there is a critical water content required to support P.ostreatus growth. Within the mid-range of water contents tested radially, growth of P.ostreatus was similar. However, growth under saturated soil conditions was restricted to the air-water atmosphere due to the requirement for oxygen availability. Low substrate concentrations (1%-5%) resulted in high radial growth of P.ostreatus, whereas increasing substrate content further acted to reduce radial growth, but visual observations indicated that fungal biomass density increased. These results are important for understanding the feasibility of P.ostreatus growth under specific site conditions and for the design of successful treatment strategies.

Keywords

Fungal treatment / Granular soil / Biogeotechnics

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Emmanuel Salifu: Writing - original draft, Visualization, Validation, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. Giuseppe Di Russo: Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Validation, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. Giacomo Russo: Supervision, Methodology, Investigation, Conceptualization. Maria A. Rao: Supervision, Methodology, Conceptualization. Gianfranco Urciuoli: Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Grainne El Mountassir: Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Validation, Supervision, Project administration, Methodology, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Conceptualization.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the European Commission by way of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks (ITN-ETN) project TERRE ‘Training engineers and researchers to rethink geotechnical engineering for a low carbon future’ (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015–675762) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, EP/N035526/1). The contribution of El Mountassir to this work was also supported by a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship (MR/V025376/1). For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising.

Appendix A. Supporting information

Supplementary information associated with this article can be found in the online version at doi:10.1016/j.bgtech.2024.100137. Data associated with this publication are openly available from the University of Strathclyde KnowledgeBase at https://doi.org/10.15129/83d3eba5-173f-4435-ab2f-22ffe18bd0dd.

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