Durability of MICP-reinforced calcareous sand in marine environments: Laboratory and field experimental study

Abstract

As eco-friendly methods, microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) method was used to reinforce the calcareous sand in the South China Sea in this paper. The durability characteristics and deterioration mechanism of MICP-reinforced calcareous sand under various environment factors were investigated synthetically based on the unconfined compressive strength, mass loss rate and microscopic morphology in laboratory and field experimental study. Results show that, the unconfined compressive strength value of the sample is only 35.19 % of the initial strength, while the mass loss rate is about 6.69 % after 30-days of field marine environment erosion. MICP-reinforced calcareous sand shows the strongest resistance to temperature cycles, followed by dry-wet cycles, coupling effect of temperature and dry-wet cycle and salt spraying with drying cycles. MICP-reinforced calcareous sand exhibits the worst resistance to the field marine conditions, but the integrity of the sample could still be maintained after 30-days of field tests. The deterioration mechanism of MICP-reinforced calcareous sand is consistent under the various environmental cycles. First, the weakly cemented calcium carbonate crystals on the sample surface fall off, and then the hard-shell layer on the sample surface became weaker under various erosion. Finally, the internal cemented structure of the sample was gradually destroyed. The results indicated the utilization value of the MICP method in ocean engineering, but it is necessary to enhance the performance of the MICP-reinforced calcareous sand to ensure its protective effect after a certain environmental impact cycle.

Keywords

Calcareous sand / Durability / Field marine erosions / MICP / Deterioration mechanism / Calcium carbonate crystals

Declaration of Competing Interest

Zhen Guo is an editorial board member for Biogeotechnics and he was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the supports from the Finance Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province (ZDKJ202019), Hainan Special PhD Scientific Research Foundation of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (HSPHDSRF-2022-04-002), Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LR22E080005, LHZ19E090003).

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