A critical review of biomineralization in environmental geotechnics: Applications, trends, and perspectives

Abstract

In this review paper, the applications of biomineralization in environmental geotechnics are analyzed. Three environmental geotechnics scenarios, namely heavy metal contamination immobilization and removal, waste and CO₂ containment, and recycled use of industrial byproducts, are discussed and evaluated regarding current trends and prospects. The biomineralization process, specifically the Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) technology, is an effective solution for immobilizing heavy metals through co-precipitation with calcium carbonate, with successful results in cleaning up contaminated soils. The nature of biomineralization enhances earth material strength and decreases permeability, making it suitable for waste and CO₂ containment. Additionally, using industrial byproducts in MICP technology can improve the physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties of earth materials, making it a potential solution for efficient waste utilization. In conclusion, the applications of biomineralization in environmental geotechnics hold great promise for solving various environmental problems. However, further research is needed to better understand the control and consistency of biomineralization processes, the durability of biominerals, the scale of applications, and environmental concerns.

Keywords

Biomineralization / Environmental geotechnics / Heavy metal immobilization / Waste containment / Industrial byproduct utilization

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (42007246) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

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