Divergent pathways of straw versus biochar integration with manure to enhance SOC sequestration in coastal saline soils

Abstract

The capacity of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in agroecosystems can be effectively increased through the application of organic amendments. However, information on the pathways through which different organic amendments regulate SOC sequestration in degraded coastal saline land is limited. Thus, a two-year field experiment was established to assess SOC, microbial necromass C (MNC) contents, enzyme kinetics, pore structure, and microbial co-occurrence networks under different amendment applications (compound fertilizer, CK; compound fertilizer plus manure, OM; compound fertilizer plus manure plus straw, OM+ST; and compound fertilizer plus manure plus biochar, OM+BC). Compared with CK and OM, OM+ST and OM+BC increased SOC content and reduced soil salinity. However, their functional divergence clearly emerged. OM+ST primarily increased the activity of C-cycling enzymes, labile C pools (i.e., dissolved organic C and easily oxidizable organic C), and the accumulation of microbial necromass C. In contrast, OM+BC promoted macroaggregate formation and aggregate stability by transforming particles in the size range of 0.053–2 mm and optimizing macropores, ultimately increasing SOC storage capacity. Microbial network reconstruction revealed that the OM+ST treatment was associated with reduced abundance of Actinobacteria-dominated network modules, whereas OM+BC treatment increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota-dominated modules associated with SOC storage. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into the promotion of SOC accumulation through integrated organic amendment strategies in coastal saline-alkali agroecosystems.

Keywords

Biochar / Straw / Soil organic carbon / Microbial network / Soil structure / Coastal saline soil

Highlight

•	Manure combined with biochar notably increased soil porosity and the proportionof > 100 μm pore.
•	Manure combined with straw increased SOC by increasing labile C fractions andpromoting microbial necromass accumulation.
•	Manure combined with biochar increased SOC mainly by promotingmacroaggregates (> 2 mm) formation and affecting fungal module.

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Funding

Key R&D Program of Shandong Province, China(2024SFGC0403)

the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U24A20359)

the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP No. CAAS-ZDRW202407)

the earmarked fund(CARS-02-24)

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