White paper: definitions of artificial intelligence and autonomous actions in clinical surgery

Andrew A. Gumbs; Frank Alexander; Konrad Karcz; Elie Chouillard; Roland Croner; Jasamine Coles-Black; Belinda de Simone; Michel Gagner; Brice Gayet; Vincent Grasso; Alfredo Illanes; Takeaki Ishizawa; Luca Milone; Mehmet Mahir Özmen; Micaela Piccoli; Stefanie Spiedel; Gaya Spolverato; Patricia Sylla; Jaime Vilaça; Mohammad Abu Hilal; Lee L. Swanström

doi:10.20517/ais.2022.10

Artificial Intelligence Surgery ›› 2022, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (2) :93 -100. DOI: 10.20517/ais.2022.10

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White paper: definitions of artificial intelligence and autonomous actions in clinical surgery

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¹Departement de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de, Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Poissy 78300, France.

²Department of Surgery, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg 39106, Germany.

³Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 80539, Germany.

⁴Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia.

⁵Department of Surgery, Hôpital du Sacre Coeur, Montreal H4J 1C5, Canada.

⁶Department of Digestive, Oncologic and Metabolic Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Université de Paris, Paris 75014, France.

⁷Family Christian Health Center, Department of Information Systems, Science and Technology, Harvey, IL 60426, USA.

⁸INKA - Innovation Laboratory for Image Guided Therapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.

⁹Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.

¹⁰Department of General and Robotic Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, New York, NY 11201, USA.

¹¹Department of Surgery, Medical School, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey.

¹²Department of General, Emergency Surgery and New Technologies, Baggiovara General Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy.

¹³Division of Translational Surgical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.

¹⁴Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy.

¹⁵Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA.

¹⁶Department of General Surgery, Hospital da Luz, Porto 4100-284, Portugal.

¹⁷Department of Surgery, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Via Bissolati, Brescia 25100, Italy.

¹⁸Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU-Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.

Correspondence to: Prof. Andrew A. Gumbs, Departement de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de, Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 10, Rue du Champ Gaillard, Poissy 78300, France. E-mail: aagumbs@gmail.com

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Abstract

This white paper documents the consensus opinion of the expert members of the Editorial Board of Artificial Intelligence Surgery regarding the definitions of artificial intelligence and autonomy in regards to surgery and how the digital evolution of surgery is interrelated with the various forms of robotic-assisted surgery. It was derived from a series of video conference discussions, and the survey and results were subsequently revised and approved by all authors.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence surgery / artificial intelligence in surgery / autonomous actions / automatic / autonomy / consensus / white paper

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Andrew A. Gumbs, Frank Alexander, Konrad Karcz, Elie Chouillard, Roland Croner, Jasamine Coles-Black, Belinda de Simone, Michel Gagner, Brice Gayet, Vincent Grasso, Alfredo Illanes, Takeaki Ishizawa, Luca Milone, Mehmet Mahir Özmen, Micaela Piccoli, Stefanie Spiedel, Gaya Spolverato, Patricia Sylla, Jaime Vilaça, Mohammad Abu Hilal, Lee L. Swanström. White paper: definitions of artificial intelligence and autonomous actions in clinical surgery. Artificial Intelligence Surgery, 2022, 2(2): 93-100 DOI:10.20517/ais.2022.10

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References

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