Multi-Omics Insights Into the Role of Fructooligosaccharides Supplementation in Alleviating Salpingitis in Laying Hens

Abstract

Salpingitis is a highly prevalent disease that reduces production performance and egg quality in laying hens, severely impeding the sustainable development of the egg-laying industry. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) play a significant role in regulating gut health and immune function. However, the mechanisms by which FOS alleviates salpingitis remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate how FOS mitigates salpingitis using multi-omics approaches. A total of 270 34-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group with a basal diet (CN), a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged group on a basal diet (CN_LPS), and an FOS-supplemented group (1 g/kg diet) with LPS challenge (FOS_LPS). The results showed that the supplementation of FOS significantly ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation and atrophy in the magnum of hens (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of TLR2, MYD88, NF-κB, and COX2 in the FOS_LPS group were significantly reduced in the magnum compared to the CN_LPS group (p < 0.05). In contrast, the expression of ABCA9, BIRC5, and MYRF genes was significantly higher in the FOS_LPS group than in the CN_LPS group. Compared to the CN_LPS group, the FOS_LPS group exhibited a reduction in the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Alistipes, whereas the abundances of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus_torques_group, and Phascolarctobacterium were increased in cecal chyme. In addition, the FOS_LPS group exhibited elevated relative concentrations of S-lactoylglutathione and thymol sulfate in plasma as compared to the CN_LPS group. Collectively, FOS mitigated LPS-induced salpingitis by modulating key inflammatory pathways, restoring gut microbiota (e.g., increased Lactobacillus, decreased Rikenellaceae), and enhancing metabolic homeostasis.

Keywords

fructooligosaccharides / laying hen / metabolome / microbiome / salpingitis / transcriptome

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