Insights into Cripto-1 as a target for cancer diagnosis and treatment: A mini-review

Abstract

Cripto-1, a glycoprotein and key member of the epidermal growth factor-Cripto-1-FRL-1-Cryptic family, has garnered significant attention in cancer research due to its dual roles in embryonic development and tumor progression. The central role of Cripto-1 in regulating signaling pathways that govern cell behavior positions it as a promising target for enhancing diagnostic precision and therapeutic efficacy in cancer management. This mini-review explores the role of Cripto-1 in cancer biology, focusing on its involvement in key oncogenic pathways such as cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cripto-1 supports CSC self-renewal and contributes to treatment resistance. The review also examines recent advances in Cripto-1-targeted therapy, including monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and early-phase clinical trials, highlighting their therapeutic efficacy and safety profile. By synthesizing these findings, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of Cripto-1’s clinical relevance and provides new insights into its potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes in cancer management.

Keywords

Cripto-1 / Cancer / Diagnostic biomarker / Treatment target / Cancer stem cells

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