Uncommon presentations of enteric fever: A report of three cases

Abstract

Rationale: Enteric fever is a major public health problem in developing and underdeveloped counties. Extraintestinal manifestations in typhoid are estimated in 27% cases and are associated with severe and complicated diseases.

Patients concerns: We report three cases of enteric fever with rare extra intestinal manifestations.

Diagnoses: Enteric fever with acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy, enteric fever with myocarditis, and enteric fever with splenic vein thrombosis.

Interventions: All patients were treated with antibiotics. Additionally, Patient 1 was treated with IV immunoglobulin; Patient 2 was treated with vasopressors and anti-cardiac remodeling drugs like ramipril and metoprolol; Patient 3 was treated with anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin.

Outcomes: All patients improved clinically and were followed up on outpatient.

Lessons: The diagnosis of enteric fever is challenging and there is an urgent need for prompt-targeted management for better outcomes. Especially in endemic zones and in non-endemic zones as a disease of emporiatric significance.

Keywords

Enteric / Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy / Myocarditis / Thrombosis / Splenic vein

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Patients’ consents for publication

Written informed consents were obtained from the three patients for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.

Funding

The authors received no extramural funding for the study.

Authors’ contributions

RK, SR, SQ, KK developed the theoretical formalism, performed the analytic calculations and performed the numerical simulations. RK, SR, SQ, KK contributed to the final version of the manuscript. SQ supervised the project.

Publisher’s note

The Publisher of the Journal remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Edited by Pan Y, Lei Y, Zhang Q

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