Rationale: Aeromonas hydrophila, a bacterium commonly found in a variety of soils, aquatic habitats, and other natural environments, is known for causing infections and hemorrhagic diseases in both aquatic and terrestrial animals. Patients with leukemia, when infected by Aeromonas hydrophila following chemotherapy, face an increased risk of developing necrotizing fasciitis. Patient concerns: A 48-year-old male with a history of acute myeloid leukemia presented with swelling and pain in his right hand after being stabbed by a grass carp two days ago. The injury occurred on the fifth day after his last chemotherapy session when he was accidentally punctured in the right thumb and ring finger by a carp while fishing. Two days following the injury, the skin surrounding the wound turned black immediately, while the rest of his hand was reddened, swollen, and bleeding. Diagnosis: Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the soft tissue of the right hand. Interventions: Intravenous antibiotics and local debridement. Outcomes: The patient experienced an alleviation of systemic poisoning symptoms, effective control of the local wound infection. Lessons: It is important for physicians to appreciate the potential for highly unusual and life-threatening infections in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can prevent the development of necrotizing fasciitis and save patients’ lives.
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