Objective: To determine whether soybean oil can ameliorate 4-octylphenol-induced alterations in female hormones, minerals, ovarian antioxidants, and inflammatory cytokines in female rats.
Methods: Thirty-six female rats were divided into six groups: control, soybean oil (1 mL/rat), soybean oil (2 mL/rat), 4-octylphenol, 4-octylphenol plus soybean oil (1 mL/rat), and 4-octylphenol plus soybean oil (2 mL/rat). Levels of female hormones, serum minerals, ovarian antioxidants, and inflammatory markers were assessed. Ovarian Na+/K+-ATPase activity and nuclear factor kappa B were also detected.
Results: Soybean oil restored female hormones, serum minerals, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and ovarian antioxidants, while lowering ovarian inflammatory markers and nuclear factor kappa B levels in 4-octylphenol-exposed female rats. Moreover, soybean oil upregulated p53 expression while downregulating Bcl-2 expression.
Conclusions: Soybean oil treatment improves female hormones, minerals, ovarian oxidative stress and inflammation in 4-octylphenol-exposed rats.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Funding
The article received no extramural funding.
Data availability statement
The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
Authors’ contributions
KMMK selected the topic and created the research plan. The experiments of the study were conducted by KMMK. KMMK also carried out the statistical analysis and collected the outcome data. MSSA helped in the experimental section of the study. The initial and final versions of the work were written by KMMK. The article’s final form was approved by KMMK and MSSA.
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