Cardioprotective effect of bioassay-guided fractions of Cleome viscosa methanolic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the cardioprotective effect of bioassay-guided isolated fractions of Cleome viscosa methanolic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Total phenolics, flavonoids, and in vitro antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa were evaluated. The FD-40 fraction from this extract was further evaluated for antihyperglycemic efficacy (insulin and HbA1c), antioxidant activity, and cardioprotective effects (creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, and histopathology) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In silico studies were also conducted to assess the bioactivity of FD-40. Results: Cleome viscosa methanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, H₂O₂, and FRAP assays compared to other extracts. Treatment with FD-40 (40 mg/kg b.w.) isolated from this extract normalized blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, creatine kinase-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase levels in diabetic rats. It also significantly reduced oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes, decreasing lipid peroxidation as well as restoring the levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione. Histological study demonstrated that FD-40 treatment improved cardiac structure in diabetic rats. Molecular docking analysis revealed that phytocompounds from FD-40 had strong binding affinities with cardiac markers and oxidative enzymes. Hexose (5TMS) demonstrated greater binding affinity with xanthine oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase. Conclusions: FD-40 of Cleome viscosa methanolic extract exhibits significant cardioprotective effects in diabetic rats by regulating cardiac markers and reducing oxidative stress. The underlying mechanisms need to be elucidated in the future.

Keywords

Cleome viscosa L. / Cardioprotection / Cardiac markers / Docking / CK-MB / GC-MS / Diabetes

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dravidian University, Kuppam for providing necessary support for this research work.

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

This work was supported by University Grants Commission-Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship [F1-17.1/2016-17/RGNF-2015-17-SC-AND 6017/ (SAIII/Website)].

Data availability statement

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon request.

Authors’ contributions

SY participated in conceptualizing the study and designing the study, conducted the research, optimized methods, and contributed to original draft, data curation, validation, and revising the manuscript. LT participated in conceptualizing the study and drafting and revising the manuscript. SC helped in conducting research methods, molecular docking study, entering data, and drafting and revising the manuscript. VRN participated in conceptualizing and supervising the study, revising the manuscript, editing and reviewing. RRS conceptualized and designed the study, drafted and revised the manuscript, analyzed data, and supervised the research work, review, and editing. All authors had perused and approved the final edition of the manuscript and consented to be responsible for all parts of the work in guaranteeing that questions related to the work are properly examined and resolved.

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