Molluscicidal activities of green-synthesized Alstonia congensis silver nanoparticles

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Alstonia congensis green-synthesized nanoparticles as a molluscicide against snail hosts of trematodes. Methods: The ethanolic leaf extract of Alstonia congensis was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles. The formulation was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersed X-ray. The ovicidal and molluscicidal activities of the Alstonia congensis extract and its nanoparticles were tested against Physa acuta and Bulinus forskalii at different concentrations. Results: The green-synthesized nanoparticles inhibited embryonic development within the egg masses of the two snails in all the tested concentrations. Alstonia congensis extract did not show molluscicidal properties against adult Physa acuta but showed a very weak activity against Bulinus forskalii. Moreover, the synthesized nanoparticles showed significantly high molluscicidal activity against adult snails within 5-40 min of exposure in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusions: The Alstonia congensis-based nanoparticles show molluscicidal activities against adults and embryos of Physa acuta and Bulinus forskalii, and can be further explored as a potent molluscicide for the control of intermediate host of trematode parasites.

Keywords

Alstonia congensis / Physa acuta / Bulinus forskalii / Nanoparticles / Embryo inhibition / Molluscicide

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Funding

The authors received no extramural funding for the study.

Authors’ contributions

OTO conceived, designed, supervised the work, and wrote the paper. OTO, BMB, TCA, PAA and ITO conducted the experiments. Both OTO and ITO analyzed the data. All authors approved the final manuscript.

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