Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) has emerged as a disruptive frontier in reproductive medicine to address the challenges of advanced maternal age (AMA) and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). These conditions are primarily driven by mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, oxidative damage, and increased embryonic aneuploidy. Heterologous techniques, such as maternal spindle transfer (MST) and pronuclear transfer (PNT), have demonstrated high clinical efficacy, with studies reporting fertilization rates up to 88.4% and significantly improved blastocyst formation in patients with poor prognoses. While these methods show promise, autologous strategies utilizing stem cell derived mitochondria offer an alternative to maintain full genetic relatedness and avoid the ethical complexities of "three-parent" embryos. However, MRT remains an investigational procedure globally due to critical safety concerns, including mitochondrial "reversion" where maternal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regains dominance and potential mitonuclear incompatibility. In Vietnam, where infertility affects approximately 7.7% of couples, there is a rising demand for such interventions despite significant gaps in national data and specific regulatory frameworks. Establishing a strategic roadmap that includes a national AMA/DOR database and modernized legal guidelines is essential to ensure the safe and ethical integration of MRT into Vietnam’s clinical landscape.

Objective: To evaluate the neonatal outcomes of fentanyl-propofol anaesthesia versus parecoxib sodium analgesia regimens used during oocyte pickup (OPU).

Methods: Couples who underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment at the Reproductive Genetics Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from April 2016 to February 2022 were enrolled in this study. The participants were divided into two groups based on the anaesthesia protocols used during OPU: parecoxib sodium analgesia (n=1 124) and fentanyl-propofol anaesthesia (n=1 190). Neonatal outcomes were systematically compared between these groups, with infant birth weight as the primary outcome.

Results: A total of 2 314 couples were included in the study. After adjustment for confounders, the median birth weight of infants was significantly lower in the parecoxib sodium group than in the fentanyl-propofol group [3100 g (interquartile range: 2850-3400) vs 3200 g (IQR: 2900-3450), adjusted β= -50.9 (95% CI: -89.4 to -12.3), P=0.01]. This weight difference remained particularly significant in male infants [3120 g vs 3200 g, β= -63.4 (95% CI: -119.2 to -7.5), P=0.03], whereas no significant difference was observed in female infants after adjustment [β= -27.9 (95% CI: -82.9 to 27.1), P>0.05].

Conclusion: Neonates born after OPU with parecoxib sodium weighed significantly less than those delivered under fentanyl- propofol, and this difference was confined to male infants.

Objective: To assess the successful pregnancy, preterm delivery and complications in patients with history of cervical insufficiency and failed vaginal cerclage who underwent laparoscopic abdominal cerclage (LAC).

Methods: In a mixed cohort study, the recorded data of 170 eligible patients in medical documents and hospital records were extracted at Arash Hospital, Tehran, Iran during the March 2022 to March 2025, retrospectively and the treatment outcomes gathered by medical history and telephone interview, prospectively. LAC approach was done after general anesthesia for all patients. Of all included patients, 94 cases got pregnant and during study and after follow up, pregnancy outcomes occurrence after cerclage, gestational age <35 weeks and ≥36 weeks, complications and failed pregnancies were recorded as primary study outcome. Data analysis performed with SPSS version 24 software, using descriptive and analytic statistics.

Results: 170 eligible women were included. Followed them during two years after operation, 94 women got pregnant. Of 94 pregnant women after LAC, 6 cases had unsuccessful pregnancy due to rupture of membranes, ectopic pregnancy, fetus heart abnormally, and intrauterine fetal death. Finally, from 81 mothers, 75 mothers had successful pregnancy and the LAC success rate of pregnancy was 92.6% and the incidence of delivery ≤35 weeks was 34%. Secondary infertility (P=0.04), lower maternal’ age (P=0.03), and higher body mass index (P=0.04) were associated with successful pregnancy. Shorter interval from cerclage to conception was related to more term deliveries (P=0.009) and successful pregnancy (P<0.001).

Conclusions: LAC could be considered as an effective treatment to preserving pregnancy and preventing the preterm delivery, in patients with cervical incompetence.

Objective: To evaluate the center’s experience with non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (NIPGT-A), focusing on embryo aneuploidy assessment, euploidy-linked pregnancy outcomes, and the relationship between embryo morphology and chromosomal status.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on couples undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles that yielded day-5 blastocysts eligible for NIPGT-A. Spent culture media from 159 blastocysts were analyzed using multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBAC)-based whole genome amplification followed by next- generation sequencing with a 10 Mb resolution threshold for copy- number variation detection. Embryo ploidy was categorized as euploid, low mosaic, high mosaic, or aneuploid based on cell- free DNA (cfDNA) abnormality levels. Euploid embryos were transferred in subsequent frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Clinical outcomes included biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, and live birth rates.

Results: Fifty couples were included in this study. Among 213 blastocysts formed, 159 (74.7%) underwent NIPGT-A. Of these, 43.4% were euploid, 19.5% aneuploid, 23.3% mosaic, and 13.8% uninterpretable. A total of 82 embryos were transferred across 45 FET cycles, including euploid (69), mosaic (7), and uninterpretable (6) embryos. The clinical pregnancy rate was 53.3%, with a biochemical loss rate of 6.7% and early pregnancy failure of 4.4%. Ongoing pregnancy occurred in nearly half of the participants, and several successful outcomes were documented even among mosaic and uninterpretable embryos. Embryo morphology did not correlate significantly with euploidy, reaffirming the limited predictive value of morphologic grading alone.

Conclusion: NIPGT-A is a feasible, safe, and clinically meaningful alternative to invasive PGT-A, offering favorable pregnancy outcomes while avoiding embryo manipulation. Although technical limitations such as cfDNA variability and uninterpretable results persist, NIPGT-A enhances embryo selection, reduces miscarriage risk, and is particularly beneficial in low-yield or high-risk IVF populations. Continued refinement of laboratory protocols and long-term outcome studies are essential for broader clinical adoption.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Fermented Bamboo Powder (FBP) supplementation on testicular development and reproductive performance in yellow-feathered roosters.

Methods: A total of 300 roosters were randomly assigned to two groups (n=150 per group) and subjected to a 77-day feeding trial. The control group received a standard basal diet, while the experimental group was fed the same basal diet supplemented with FBP in a stepwise dosing regimen: 1.0 g/kg during Phase I (days 1-22), 2.0 g/kg during Phase II (days 23-45), 4.0 g/kg during Phase III (days 46-60), and 6.0 g/kg during Phase IV (days 61-77). Testicular morphology and spermatogenesis were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining and gonadosomatic index. Serum lipids and reproductive hormones were measured with assay kits and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Autophagy-related proteins were analyzed via Western blot, and spermatogenesis-related genes were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results: FBP supplementation improved left testis width, length, and thickness, as well as right testis width (P<0.05). Both individual and total testis weights were markedly higher in the FBP group. Histological analysis revealed notable improvements in testicular architecture, including increased seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelial height, luminal area, and Johnsen’s score. At the molecular level, FBP upregulated mRNA expression of spermatogenesis- related genes such as CREM, PCK2, DDX4, GDNF, SPAG6, SPAG16, and SPAG17 (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in total protein and a reduction in triglyceride concentrations. Hormonal evaluations indicated significantly elevated serum testosterone and FSH levels in the FBP group. Importantly, FBP enhanced the expression of autophagy-related proteins beclin-1 and ATG5, suggesting increased autophagic activity. Additionally, phosphorylated mTOR levels were significantly increased.

Conclusions: FBP supplementation positively affects testicular morphometry, endocrine profiles, and molecular pathways involved in spermatogenesis and autophagy, supporting its potential role in improving male reproductive performance in poultry.