Association between first trimester tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and miscarriage: A prospective cohort study

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the staff for the cooperation during data collection. We also extend our sincere appreciation to Prodia Laboratory Banda Aceh for their technical support in TNF-α assay processing. Special thanks to all study participants for their valuable contributions and commitment throughout the study period.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Authors’ contributions

All authors contributed to the study's conceptualization. Meutia Handiny, Cut Meurah Yeni, Yusra Septivera, Hasanuddin, and Niken Asri Utami were involved in the investigation. The study was designed by Meutia Handiny, Cut Meurah Yeni, Yusra Septivera, Hasanuddin, and Niken Asri Utami. The manuscript was written by Meutia Handiny, Cut Meurah Yeni, Yusra Septivera, Hasanuddin, and Niken Asri Utami.

Publisher’ s Note

The Publisher of the Journal remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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