Objective: To investigate the successive morphological stages of spermatogenesis, hormonal regulation, and testosterone profile in dromedary camel reproduction.
Methods: Testicular tissue samples were obtained from 12 dromedary bull camels aged 7 to 8 at a local abattoir. The histological assessment involved tissue processing, hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining, and examination under a microscope. Stereological analysis, germ cell identification, and assessment of seminiferous tubules and maturation were conducted. Testosterone assay was performed by radioimmunoassay using blood samples collected at regular intervals.
Results: The study revealed 12 phases of the dromedary camel's seminiferous epithelium cycle, highlighting distinct morphological characteristics and cellular processes. Acrosomal migration, maturation, cap formation, and the Golgi-mediated synthesis of proacrosomal vesicles were also explained in dimension, as were the steps of acrosome biogenesis. Spermatids and mature sperm cells were present when spermatogenesis phases were examined. An analysis of the dimensions of seminiferous tubules revealed specific measures for diameter, area, and epithelial height about luminal characteristics. Moreover, there were noticeable variations in the serum testosterone concentrations during the study period, indicating temporal dynamics.
Conclusions: This study outlines the spermatogenesis process in dromedary camels across 12 stages, emphasizing cellular dynamics and acrosomal biogenesis. It also provides seminiferous tubule measurements and observes seasonal testosterone fluctuations, offering insights into reproductive regulation and potential strategies for camel breeding conservation.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this study.
Funding
The study has received no extramural funding.
Authors’ contributions
Saif Ullah was responsible for designing the study, collecting data, and drafting the manuscript. Abdul Quddus, Quanwei Wei, and Wael Ennab were instrumental in developing the methodology and conducting investigations. Sheeraz Mustafa and Jiahao Sun handled data curation. Rahmani Mohammad Malyar and Abdul Baseer took on formal analysis and software tasks. Dagan Mao was involved in writing, reviewing, and formatting the manuscript. Fangxiong Shi was in charge of resource acquisition, supervision, and project administration. All authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript for publication.
Publisher’s Note
The Publisher of the Journal remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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