Critical quality attributes of lipid nanoparticles and in vivo fate

Abstract

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as versatile carriers for the delivery of genetic medicines and small-molecule drugs, offering desired benefits for therapeutic applications. Optimization of the treatment efficacy of nanocarriers necessitates a thorough understanding of the connection between pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties. This review consolidates scientific efforts to elucidate how LNP's physicochemical attributes influence their in vivo fate, emphasizing particle size and shape, surface electric potential and ligand-binding chemistry. By examining the interplay between LNPs and biological barriers across various administration routes, this review provides insights into tailoring LNP properties for optimal delivery and reduced off-target effects. Recommendations for future research are provided to advance the study of LNP in vivo behaviors and offer a practical framework for optimizing in vivo performance through product design parameters.

Keywords

Lipid nanoparticles / Pharmacokinetics / Biodistribution / Formulation / Administration route

Conflicts of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.

Acknowledgments

Tonglei Li is thankful for the support of Allen Chao Endowment.

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