Hydrogen sulfide responsive nanoplatforms: Novel gas responsive drug delivery carriers for biomedical applications

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a toxic, essential gas used in various biological and physical processes and has been the subject of many targeted studies on its role as a new gas transmitter. These studies have mainly focused on the production and pharmacological side effects caused by H₂S. Therefore, effective strategies to remove H₂S has become a key research topic. Furthermore, the development of novel nanoplatforms has provided new tools for the targeted removal of H₂S. This paper was performed to review the association between H₂S and disease, related H₂S inhibitory drugs, as well as H₂S responsive nanoplatforms (HRNs). This review first analyzed the role of H₂S in multiple tissues and conditions. Second, common drugs used to eliminate H₂S, as well as their potential for combination with anticancer agents, were summarized. Not only the existing studies on HRNs, but also the inhibition H₂S combined with different therapeutic methods were both sorted out in this review. Furthermore, this review provided in-depth analysis of the potential of HRNs about treatment or detection in detail. Finally, potential challenges of HRNs were proposed. This study demonstrates the excellent potential of HRNs for biomedical applications.

The hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) will influence the development of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, nervous diseases, intestinal diseases and cancer. To overcome disadvantages of H₂S, H₂S responsive nanoplatforms can be adopted to enhance the therapeutic effect specifically via integrating existing therapies.

Keywords

Hydrogen sulfide / Disease mechanisms / Removal of hydrogen sulfide / Responsive nanoplatforms / Challenges / Biomedical applications

Conflicts of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (contract No.2019YFA0904800 ), National Nature Science Foundation of China ( 32030065, 31722033, 92049304 to Y.Z.), Shanghai Sailing Program (contract No. 21YF1410300), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (contract No.10DZ2220500 ) and The Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (grant No.11DZ2260600 ). Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism (Y.Z.), Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-cell Metabolic Imaging ( Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019-I2M-5- 013 to Y.Z.), the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

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