Integrating fish farming with wastewater recycling can improve fish farming programs, ensuring environmental sustainability while improving cost of fish farming. This study examines the influence of wastewaters from slaughterhouses and palm oil mils on the growth performance of catfish. Artificial ponds created with transparent buckets, where the fingerlings were grown for six weeks, contained each wastewater type comprising 30%, 40% and 50% wastewater, the rest being tap water. Tap water was used as the control. Live body weight, weight gain, live length and gain in length of fish were used to monitor fish growth performance on a weekly basis. Pond temperature and pH were also monitored weekly. The physicochemical parameters of the water in the ponds were above the standards required for fishponds. There was no significant difference between the growth performance parameters in the control and other treatments during the entire period of study. There was also a strong correlation (r ≈ 1) between the growth performance and the duration of study for all the treatments, indicating the fish could survive in the ponds for as long as necessary. Highest live weight of 14 g in T3R1, 13.33 g for control, 12 g for T2R1 and T4R1 were obtained. Highest live length values of 13.70, 13.50, 13.30, 13.20, 13.10 cm were obtained for T3R2, T3R3, T2R2, control and T2R3 respectively. Temperature in the adapted ponds ranged from 24–28 °C, and pH raged from 6–8. A low mortality rate of 4.16% (4 deaths) was obtained in the case of T3R3 only for the first week, but there no other mortality in other treatments throughout the period of the study. Results obtained show that wastewaters from slaughterhouses and palm oil mills can effectively be used to grow fish, reducing cost of fish farming and ensuring environmental sustainability from dumping of the wastewaters.

The present work investigates the enhancement effect of seven different catalysts made of Cu/SiO₂, Pd/SiO₂, Pt/SiO₂, Ni/SiO₂, Co/SiO₂, Ag/SiO₂ and Fe/SiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) on methane production during thermophilic anaerobic digestion. The tested NPs were synthesized by the sol-gel process and encapsulated in porous silica (SiO₂) to prevent their coagulation and agglomeration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures confirmed the specific morphologies of all seven catalysts. Then, these 7 NPs were tested first in batch experiments with acetate as a carbon substrate for bio-methane production. Ni/SiO₂ and Co/SiO₂ showed the best enhancement of methane production from acetate. From this part, both NPs were tested for bio-methane production on two different substrates: starch and glucose. With the starch substrate, the improvements of methane production were equal to 47% and 22%, respectively, for Ni- and Co/SiO₂ compared to control sample. In the last part of this work, the influences of NP concentration and thermal pre-treatment applied to the NPs on bio-methane production from glucose were investigated. The results showed that all forms of nickel and cobalt NPs enhance the methane production, and their effect increased with the increase of their concentrations. The best sample was the calcined nickel NPs at a concentration of 10^–4 mol L^–1, leading to a methane production rate of 72.5% compared to the control.

Increasing emissions from mobile sources have become a major focus in terms of health, environmental sustainability, and climate change. South Tangerang City is the Indonesian city with the highest yearly average pollution level. This study's objectives are to quantify the levels of pollutant concentrations that endanger human health and the environment and to devise a plan for reducing the pollution brought on by vehicle emissions. This study used an analytic observational research design. Data was taken from 32 points in 7 sub-districts in the city of South Tangerang with human and environmental samples. Human samples using the Hazard Quotient. Data is processed using Stella for the next 30 years. HQ value of PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, and CO pollution has risen to greater than 1, endangering human health. CO and PM2.5, with HQ values of 3.315 and 1.644, both present serious health concerns. The accumulation of PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, and CO pollutants over the next 30 years will have a substantial impact on South Tangerang's environmental conditions. South Tangerang could encourage the growth of a smart city by supporting the use of electric vehicles. Human health is at risk due to the increase in the HQ value of PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, and CO pollution above 1. The environmental conditions in South Tangerang be significantly impacted by PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, and CO pollutants over the ensuing 30 years. A mitigation strategy is needed in the form of smart transportation in the form of electric vehicles

The Indonesian Presidential Regulation No. 35 of 2018 heralds a transformative agenda for producing electrical energy from biomass in an environmentally conscious manner. Jakarta emerges as a pivotal area in this transformation, with its strategic adoption of Waste to Energy (WtE) systems. In this study, we probe into the multiple layers of community preferences and the acceptance of WtE developments in Jakarta, factoring in an array of local concerns and policy-driven directives. Through a methodologically structured choice experiment, participants weighed in on various scenarios delineating shifts from the status quo to innovative WtE technological adoptions. we scrutinize a spectrum of attributes, each with defined status quo levels and proposed advancements: From enhancing awareness of landfill impacts (P1), escalating local policy commitments (K1) and integrating waste treatment facilities (F1) to diversifying waste processing outputs into liquid (PP1), solid (PP2), gas (PP3) and electricity (PP4). We also consider the transition from unmanaged landfills to controlled applications of landfill gas (PA1) and thermal treatment (PA2), as well as the initiation of emission and pollutant monitoring (M1).Our findings illuminate a significant public inclination to move beyond the current paradigms towards embracing WtE conversions, with particular willingness to support socialization of new waste processing technologies (P1), generation of energy in various forms especially liquid (PP1) and electricity (PP4) and implementation of environmental monitoring measures (M1). These attributes were marked by a notable willingness to accept (WTA) the proposed changes, signaling a readiness for policy and infrastructural advancements in waste management.

Gully erosion has the ability to transport enormous amounts of soil material, which can degrade tropical volcanic landscapes as the highest potential of agricultural land. It is critical to understand gully erosion control activities in order to reduce the initiation and development of gully erosion. The goals of this study were to: 1) classify the different forms of gully control; 2) pinpoint the advantages and disadvantages of the gully control system; and 3) suggest forthcoming changes to gully erosion control systems in tropical volcanic landscapes. Field surveys employing random sampling were used to collect data on gully erosion points and control system. The findings of the study were explained using exploratory descriptive analysis. The research findings demonstrate that gully erosion control was accomplished through biological (vegetative), mechanical and combination methods, which were classified into nine categories. While mechanical methods have benefits in terms of strength in slowing the rate of gully growth, biological systems have advantages in terms of cost and energy. Adopting a continuous live wicker and wicker check dam system might assist in preventing cracks in the gully dimension. This study's findings can potentially reduce gully erosion susceptibility for local communities and are expected to be implemented globally in settings with similar features. Further research could be conducted on multiple tropical volcanoes with comparable issues in order to improve the performance of research results.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are devices that use microorganisms to produce electricity from organic matter. In this study, the bacterium Delftia acidovorans spp was used to evaluate energy generation in a single-chamber MFC. In this evaluation, six MFCs were assembled with different exchange membranes: two with carbon fiber composite membrane, two with maghemite membrane and two with heat-treated maghemite. Synthetic maghemite was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. Bioelectricity monitoring in the MFCs was conducted for 15 days, with data collected every 60 seconds. The cell that achieved the highest bioelectricity production was the one with heat-treated maghemite, reaching a production of 286.50mV. It used 100% leachate from fruit and vegetable waste as a substrate, starting with values of 365 mg/L of N-NH₄, 96000 mg/L of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅₎, 101500 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and a pH of 4.11. In the results, the carbon fiber treatment had a higher removal efficiency percentage of up to 63.38% for BOD₅ and 69.67% for COD. For ammonium nitrogen removal, all cells showed good removal efficiency of up to 92.49%. The pH value increased in all treatments due to the degradation of organic matter, reaching a value of up to 5.96. Thus, the efficiency of Delftia acidovorans spp. and carbon fiber are a good alternative as an exchange membrane in purifying leachate contaminants within an MFC.

Biowaste management poses a significant and widespread challenge. However, its consideration as a resource has led to the emergence of innovative and sustainable biowaste management techniques. One such promising solution is the use of black soldier flies (BSF) in biowaste treatment. This technique offers various advantages, such as the transformation of biowaste into versatile products that can be used in agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, pharmaceuticals and energy production. Despite significant research on different aspects of the BSF biowaste treatment system, none have explored the application of circular economy principles in low-income settings using naturally occurring BSF, i.e., free-range BSF. This article addresses the gap utilizing a mixed-method approach through a case study to achieve two objectives: the localization of the circular economy through co-production with a community group and the viable production of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and compost to meet the community’s needs. Through collaboration, a successful circular economy was established as biowaste was transformed into products and safely reintroduced into the local biosphere. Performance indices used included BSFL nutritional composition, harvest rates and heavy metal absence. Through community involvement, circular economy principles were effectively implemented to redirect a retail market’s fruit and vegetable waste from the landfill. The free-range open system produced 19.15 kg of BSFL, with 44.34% protein content, 20.6% crude fat and zero heavy metals. These outcomes align with existing research, indicating that a community-led open BSFL system can generate valuable products while fostering circular economy principles with minimal financial, technological, energy and water resources.

The cement industry's carbon emissions present a major global challenge, particularly the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels. The concrete industry is responsible for a significant portion of these emissions, accounting for approximately 5–9% of the total emissions. This underscores the urgent need for effective strategies to curb carbon emissions. In this work, we propose to use artificial intelligence (AI) to predict future emission trends by performing a detailed analysis of cement industry’s CO₂ emissions data. The AI predictive model shows a significant increase in overall carbon emissions from the cement sector which is attributed to population growth and increased demand for housing and infrastructure. To address this issue, we propose a framework that emphasizes on implementing carbon sequestration through reuse of construction and demolition (C&D) waste by using recycled aggregates. The paper proposes a framework addressing carbon sequestration through use of C&D waste. The framework is applied specifically to Maharashtra State in India to calculate the potential reduction in carbon emissions by construction industry resulting from recycled aggregates. The study reveals a projected saving of 24% in carbon emissions by adopting the suggested framework. The process and outcomes of the study aim to address the concerns of climate change through reduced carbon emissions in the construction industry promoting recycle and reuse of construction waste.