The shift from manual weather measurements to automation is almost inevitable. When switching to AWS (Automatic Weather Station), WMO requires parallel data testing between automatic and manual measurements to be performed. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a parallel test of AWS data using a simple statistical test that has been applied to three main weather parameters, namely temperature, pressure, humidity, rainfall, and wind direction and speed. The months of January and June were used as samples to represent the character of the wet and dry seasons in the Makassar monsoon area. The results of the analysis show that during the rainy season, only pressure and temperature are identical and homogeneous. Meanwhile, in the dry season, apart from these two parameters, humidity and wind speed are also homogeneous and rainfall is a non-homogeneous parameter in January and June. Both AWS and manual observations show that the influence of land-sea winds in Makassar is very strong. Considering that there are inhomogeneous parameters, it is highly recommended to test for a longer time, taking into account the season, the influence of other global phenomena, the effect of missing data and incorrect data testing various methods of homogeneity and characteristics in each place and their effect on forecasts.
Watershed planning is often based on the analysis of morphometric parameters, especially in poorly gauged or ungauged basins. These physiographic parameters have, in fact, a main role in water runoff. In many arid countries such as Morocco, there is a significant need for morphometric studies of watersheds to initiate integrated water resources management. For this purpose, we have carried out the watersheds delineation and morphometric analyses, using the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and the Geographic Information System (GIS). We have applied this approach based on remote sensing and GIS in four sub-basins of the right bank of the Tensift watershed (Bourrous, Al Wiza, El Hallouf and Jamala). The shape indexes of Gravelius and Horton reveal elongated shapes of the four watersheds. In addition, the maximum slope and the drainage density do not exceed 27.15° and 1 Km/Km2 respectively. The sub-basins do not have a very dense hydrographic network and the Strahler's drainage order is not very high (up to 5). The relief is not very high and do not reach 1000 m. These physiographic conditions do not allow a rapid runoff. The concentration times are precisely quite high (7 to 12 hours for watersheds of 161 to 401 km²). The use of a sufficiently fine DTM resolution and an appropriate GIS software would allow this kind of study to be very useful for effective watershed management.
Metal corrosion is a significant and growing area of study in industrial problems, which has found productive research ground in the field of green chemistry. In the last 10 years, green chemistry has been highlighting the importance of safeguarding human as well as the environmental well-being, in an economically advantageous way aiming at keeping away from reducing waste hazardous toxins, and pollutants. The era of metal degradation, commonly faced due to the usage of hazardous chemicals became very relevant and useful in the research area of chemistry. Even though several experiments have been conducted and, several research articles were published on this topic of nature-friendly green and clean inhibitors still there are yet a lot of things to be explored in this field for sustainable eco- friendly existence of human and natural interconnected existence. The main aim of the study is to provide a summary and describe the past authentic research that accounted in the research literature to employ eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors, especially extraction from leaves, stems, seeds, and fruits of the plants for aluminum alloy in acid solutions in the past decade. Weight loss and electrochemical approaches are among the most often utilized methods to measure corrosion rate and to evaluate the effectiveness of green corrosion inhibitors. The relevance of the area prompted the further study, leading to a large number of substances being evaluated.
Tourists’ preferences for public transport at destinations are homogeneous, while the choice of private transport services is heterogeneous. This paper examined several facets of the existing public transport system to understand tourists’ disapproval of the mode choice for pleasurable holiday travel in Lagos, Nigeria. The urban transport services were adjudged based on tourists’ perceptions of satisfaction with service features related to mode choice. Statistical and structured analyses were used to explore the association between usage decisions and satisfaction with public transport services. The link between mode choice tolerability and usage decisions was identified using Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified three (3) main factors comprising 16 service dimensions influencing the choice of public transport. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Barlett tests confirmed the sampling adequacy for each variable in each factor and the combined elements. The analyses quantified the association between variables and tourists’ usage decisions. The relationship between satisfaction and the variables explained the variation in satisfaction with the quality aspects of public transportation. Thus, the findings expressly explained tourists’ usual dissatisfaction with Lagos public transport system for leisure excursions.
This study investigates an account on the diversity and abundance of benthic infauna of Chettuva mangrove in Kerala. Marine benthic infaunal species are an important factor in marine ecosystems and play a chief ecological function in the mangrove ecosystem. This research article gives an overview of infaunal diversity associated with eight sites of Chettuva mangrove. The present study revealed that infaunal species are significantly moderate within this mangrove ecosystem.
Pipeline disasters have caused large losses to Nigeria in terms of economic, ecological, and human lives. A single incident can have devastating consequences for the environment, individuals, and communities. Research to date has recommended the significance of stakeholders, collaboration in overseeing these issues. This study examines the impacts of multi- stakeholders, collaboration on the management and mitigation of oil pipeline disasters in Nigeria, adopting the use of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The benefits of stakeholders, collaboration in the context of this study include but are not limited to: better information/intelligence sharing; improved decision-making; enhanced coordinated and timely intervention; improved response. The challenges associated with collaboration are: conflicts in shared responsibilities; inadequate resources; inadequate enforcement of environmental laws and guidelines; and inefficient communication systems. The goals of the collaborative pact will be effectively achieved if these challenges are properly addressed. This study recommends a framework formulti-stakeholders collaboration toward effective and efficient management and mitigation of oil pipeline disasters in Nigeria.
In this special issue of AIMS Environmental Science, present trends of radioactive waste management are reviewed. In spite of nuclear energy production, radionuclides have many other important applications in medicine and industrial fields. The sustainability of all radionuclides applications depends on the proper management of radioactive wastes. The characteristics of these wastes can be very different depending on the previous application. Thus, we can find solid or liquid wastes with ranges of radioactivity from low/medium (< 3.7×108 Bq) to high (104 – 106 TBq/m3). Nowadays, management of low/medium activity wastes is well established and mainly consists of the following basic stages: a) Prevention and minimization. Reduction of waste volume and activity are basic principles for environmental impact and cost decrease. In this line, short half-life radionuclides must replace long half-life ones [1], and wastes must be segregated according to solid/liquid state, radionuclide content, level of activity and half-life of radionuclides [2]. b) Storage for decay. When it is possible, storage of radioactive wastes is used to reduce the level of activity before discharge or transport to a disposal facility. c) Discharge after decay. Some radioactive liquid wastes (as the ones produced in some medical applications) can be discharge to sewer after storage for decay [3], if other release criteria such as radiological, chemical and biological ones are met. d) Concentrate and contain. When option of delay and decay is not practical due to the level of activity and/or the length of half-lives, radioactive waste must be concentrated by a conditioning process to reduce volume and then confine the radionuclides to prevent their dispersion in the environment [4]. After this, concentrated wastes are collected in suitable containers and buried in authorized sites.
To achieve the ideal emissions reduction goals, several studies have suggested that carbon emissions should be examined in the framework of both territorial and consumption-based emissions. Nevertheless, the European Union (EU) SDGs targets aimed at mitigating carbon emissions based on the United Nation (UN) Kyoto Protocol structure, only appears to be concerned with the reduction of territorial-based emissions whilst emissions embodied on imported goods and services receive very little attention. To this end, this study examines the contributions of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and disaggregate trade flows toward consumption-based sustainability in twenty-one (21) EU countries for the period 1995–2019. The study utilizes the STIRPAT model (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) and battery of advanced econometric techniques such as the Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL), Common Correlated Effects (CCE) and the Cross-Sectional Distributed Lags (CS-DL) to examine the short-and long-run dynamics of OFDI and trade on consumption-based emissions. Finding reveals that EU exports and OFDI spillover reduces consumption-based emission, whilst import of goods and services promote emissions both in the short-run and long-run. This suggests that the progress report on carbon emissions reduction for most EU countries under the greenhouse gas accounting systems are merely carbon emissions outsourced to low-income countries whilst consumption-based emission continues to increase. These findings are robust to several econometric problems with set of policy implications provided for policymakers and governments to formulate more efficient strategies toward the mitigation of consumption-based carbon emissions among EU countries.
The study of plants as a biofilter is highly relevant in the field of air pollution science to ecological restoration in urban, which is connected to the ecosystem and human health. The aim of this present study was designed to evaluate the use of Riccia as a biofilter for particulate matter. The treatment box was designed using the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model. The alignment of the biofilter plant was designed and performed in three different arrangements blocking, zigzag, and parallel panels. The particulate matter was generated by simulated B7 diesel fuel combustion smoke using a smoke generator and loaded into the chamber with air velocities of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 m/s via a Laser dust sensor for both inlet and outlet air. The adsorption efficiency of the PM adsorbed on the biofilter plant was calculated. The physical properties, physiological, and biochemical parameters of the study plant such as Air pollution tolerance index (APTI), Dust capturing potential were investigated. Moreover, the micromorphological details of the plant, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and adsorbed metal were analyzed. The study revealed adsorption efficiency was in the range of 2.3%–49.6 %. The highest efficiency values for PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were 31.4, 40.1, and 49.6, respectively, which belonged to the horizontal panel with a velocity of 2.0 m/s. The alignment of the panel and air velocities affects the efficiency. HS-GC-MS revealed that Riccia can be adsorbed the particulate matter and the quantity of Cd, Pb, and Na were 0.0044 ± 0.0069 mg/gDW, 0.0208 ± 0.0278 mg/gDW, and 0.9395 ± 0.1009 mg/gDW, respectively. The morphological study exhibited a rough surface to enhance the efficiency of the trapped particle matter. The results showed that Riccia was suitable for adsorbing the particulate matter with a diameter of 1–4 µm.
The COVID-19 outbreak affected the world badly in this 21st century leading to the closure of all types of anthropogenic activities. It is declared that there was an environmental betterment in names of water quality and air quality during the COVID-19 period. In this study, we analyzed the improvement in water quality by evaluating the suspended particulate matter (SPM) using the remote sensing technique in a tropical South Sumatra wetland i.e., Musi River in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia. The SPM values were estimated from Landsat 8 images Level-2 product. A quantitative and spatial analyses of before (20th May 2019), during (22nd May 2020), and after COVID-19 (28th May 2022) periods were also calculated. Results revealed that the mean SPM values during COVID-19 period (4.56 mg/L) were lower than that before COVID-19 period (8.33 mg/L). Surprisingly, SPM showed an increase of 54% in SPM values after COVID-19 period, compared with during COVID-19 period. The role of human activities including industrial and domestic wastes during the restriction period was the main reason for alteration of pollution loads in the river. Outputs of this study can be used to arrange policies for the sustainable management of aquatic environments and water resources.
Soil erosion is a major environmental threat to soil sustainability and productivity with knock-on effects on agriculture, climate change, etc. Factors influencing soil erosion are many and usually divided into natural and human causes. Massive deforestation, intensive agriculture, temperature and wind, rainfall intensity, human activities and climate changes are listed as the main causes of soil erosion. Calculation of the coefficient of soil erosion is very important to prevent the event. One of the methods used worldwide to calculate soil loss and the erosion coefficient is the Erosion Potential Method. In this study, 49 sub-basins of the Vjosa River Basin in Albania were evaluated. Results showed that the phenomenon of erosion is present in all sub-basins, varying from 0.01 to 0.71. Thus, the categorization of soil erosion varies from heavy to very slight erosion. Moreover, the overall sediment yield calculated for the Vjosa River Basin was 2326917 m3/year. In conclusion, the application of the Erosion Potential Method is reliable for evaluating erosion and can further be applied in our country’s conditions.