Noncanonical second-order differential equations with several time-delay arguments: Enhancing oscillation criteria

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Abstract

This study investigates the oscillatory properties of solutions for a general class of neutral differential equations with multiple delays. Using Riccati and comparison techniques, we establish five distinct oscillation theorems that address the limitations of previous results in this topic. Our criteria not only extend and generalize earlier findings but also reduce the required constraints. Notably, they provide sharper results when applied to special cases like Euler’s equation. The novelty and effectiveness of the proposed oscillation criteria are illustrated through a detailed analysis of a given example, supported by tables and figures.

Keywords

differential equations / oscillatory properties / Riccati and comparison techniques / noncanonical second-order / several time-delay arguments

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