Operational optimization of a Wind-Hydrogen Power-to-X System in Denmark: An experimental approach

Abstract

This work optimized Power-to-X (PtX) operations in a Danish wind farm, balancing profitability and emissions through single and multi-objective optimization. The analysis was conducted through secondary data and an optimization model developed in Solver in order to evaluate operational scenarios. Among all the different evaluated solutions, Solution 3 emerged as optimal, reducing CO₂ emissions to 3146 kg while maintaining 90% of maximum profit (269,706 DKK). It allocated energy efficiently-745 MWh to the grid, 83 MWh to hydrogen (producing 1479 kg of green hydrogen), and 828 MWh to storage, with zero curtailment. Compared to profit-maximizing (Solution 1: 298,943 DKK, 12,357 kg CO₂) and emission-minimizing (Solution 5: 235,244 DKK, 2336 kg CO₂) alternatives, Solution 3 offers a sustainable compromise, supporting decarbonization goals without significant economic trade-offs. The findings highlight replicable strategies for PtX systems in renewable energy integration for future projects.

Keywords

Power-to-X / wind energy / CO2 emissions

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