With the rapid expansion of low-altitude economy, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircrafts have triggered severe multi-dimensional environmental risks, including noise pollution, carbon emission accumulation, and ecological disturbance, which have become bottlenecks restricting its sustainable development. Researchers have mostly focused on physical/chemical governance methods and legal regulation, while the application potential of bioengineering technology in this field is seriously underexplored. In this paper, we conducted a quantitative analysis of environmental impacts based on multi-source empirical data from four typical pilot areas (Shanghai, Chengdu, Shenzhen, Hainan) during 2022–2025. The results showed that eVTOL operating noise exceeded the WHO safety threshold by 25–35 dB, and the cumulative growth rate of environmental complaints (263.5%) was 95.1 percentage points higher than that of registered UAVs (168.4%). Lithium-battery eVTOL emitted 18–22 kg CO₂ per 100 km, 2.5 times that of new energy vehicles, with significant cumulative pollution potential. On this basis, we systematically evaluated the feasibility of four core bioengineering mitigation technologies through technical readiness level (TRL) and life cycle assessment (LCA) methods. A staged technical roadmap for bioengineering-led comprehensive environmental governance is proposed, which provides a new technical paradigm for the green development of low-altitude economy.

Periodontal regeneration remains a major challenge in the management of periodontal disease because the periodontium consists of a highly organized complex of soft and hard tissues. Conventional periodontal therapies can reduce inflammation and control infection, but healing often results in repair rather than true regeneration of cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. In this context, biomaterials that can enhance cell attachment, modulate inflammation, and support tissue regeneration have gained increasing interest. Polydopamine (PDA), a mussel-inspired polymer formed through the oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride, has emerged as a versatile platform in periodontal tissue engineering. It exhibits strong adhesion under wet oral conditions and can form stable coatings on a wide range of dental and biomaterial surfaces. Its catechol- and amine-rich chemistry allows functionalization with growth factors, antimicrobial agents, and therapeutic molecules. Importantly, PDA also demonstrates intrinsic antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, including reactive oxygen species scavenging and the promotion of macrophage polarization toward pro-healing phenotypes, which are particularly relevant in the inflammatory microenvironment of periodontitis. Preclinical studies suggest that PDA-based scaffolds, membranes, nanoparticles, and implant coatings can enhance biomineralization, improve periodontal ligament cell responses, promote alveolar bone regeneration, and reduce microbial biofilm burden. However, challenges such as coating variability, incomplete understanding of degradation behavior, and limited clinical trial evidence remain. This narrative review summarizes current evidence and future perspectives on PDA-enabled systems in periodontal therapy.

Immuno-epidemiological modeling has been widely studied for understanding disease spread and supporting global control efforts. Mathematical and computational methods are important tools to study interactions between the immune system and infectious diseases. This work presented an extended immuno-epidemiological model that describes the dynamics of the model transmission rates. This study includes some key outputs. First, we calculated the basic reproduction number, R₀, which is used to assess disease transmissibility, design control strategies, and evaluate intervention effectiveness. Second, the local sensitivity analysis was numerically evaluated using non-normalization, half normalization, and full normalization techniques between the model states and parameters; it provides an important step forward in identifying the model critical parameters in the spreading of disease. Another model output was calculating the elasticity index between R₀ and the model parameters to identify the most critical parameters. Interestingly, numerical results showed the impact of the virus transmission rate, virus clearance rate, killing rate of infected cells, interferon degradation rate, and antibody production rate and discussed some model compartments for different parameter values. The findings help the local and international efforts in suggesting control strategies, optimizing interventions, and guiding public health decisions.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep, yet the relative contributions of soft palate versus tongue collapse remain poorly quantified. Methods: Three-dimensional numerical models of the upper airway, soft palate, and tongue were reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) images. A transient bidirectional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method was employed to determine the ventilation pressure required to maintain a prescribed inspiratory flow across progressively reduced artificial support loads applied to the soft palate and tongue (0–100% of the calibrated reference loads). Results: Isolated soft palate collapse exerted minimal effect on the required ventilation pressure. Obstruction severity was predominantly governed by tongue behavior: Below approximately 93% reduction of the reference tongue supported load, and airflow dynamics remained largely unchanged (maximum velocity ≤ 15.6 m/s, ventilation pressure ≤ 94 Pa). Beyond this level, appreciable tongue–soft palate compression was established and a marked nonlinear transition occurred: The ventilation pressure required to maintain the prescribed flow increased by approximately 806% (to 852 Pa), and the maximum velocity reached 46.3 m/s. Joint collapse analysis confirmed that tongue behavior, rather than soft palate status, is the primary determinant of flow obstruction in this model. Conclusions: In this single-subject model and under the selected artificial support loads, appreciable tongue–soft palate compression produces a marked nonlinear increase in the pressure required to maintain a prescribed flow, occurring at approximately 93% reduction of the reference tongue support load. This contact transition is model-specific and should not be interpreted as a universal neuromuscular threshold. The findings provide proof-of-concept evidence for a biomechanical mechanism of tongue-driven obstruction that warrants validation in multi-subject, clinically characterized cohorts.

Accurate segmentation of dermoscopic lesions is essential for computer-aided melanoma assessment, but reliable delineation remains challenging because lesions often exhibit irregular shapes, low contrast, and ambiguous boundaries. This study aimed to improve both lesion-region segmentation and contour localization by better coordinating complementary local and global image representations. We developed BGDNet, a boundary-guided dual-backbone encoder–decoder network that combines TransXNet and Swin Transformer. The model integrates local structural information with long- range contextual information and uses boundary priors to guide feature interaction. Its performance was evaluated on the ISIC-2016, ISIC-2018, and PH2 datasets and compared with representative convolutional, Transformer-based, and hybrid segmentation methods using both region-based and boundary-sensitive metrics. On ISIC-2018, BGDNet achieved an intersection over union (IoU) of 0.8813 ± 0.0014, a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.9330 ± 0.0009, a 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95) of 5.84 ± 0.11 pixels, an average surface distance (ASD) of 1.34 ± 0.03 pixels, and a boundary F-score at a 2-pixel tolerance (BF@2) of 0.868 ± 0.003. A recall (sensitivity) of 0.9602 ± 0.0021 and a specificity of 0.9847±0.0007 further characterize foreground–background behavior under class imbalance. Additional in-dataset and cross-dataset experiments, together with component-wise ablation and stage-wise boundary-prior visualization, provide complementary evidence for the model design. These findings show that boundary-guided interaction between complementary encoders can improve both lesion overlap and contour accuracy, particularly for lesions with irregular or weakly defined margins. BGDNet therefore provides a promising framework for accurate dermoscopic lesion segmentation.

Objective: At present, there are few studies that systematically investigate the coordinated changes in the kinematics, dynamics, and overall stability control of multiple joints in the lower limbs under the fatigue program of badminton. This paper aimed to explore the effects of intense exercise on the left and right lunges of badminton players. Methods: Twenty badminton players from Shandong University of Political Science and Law completed three left lunge movements and three right lunge movements before and after intense exercise, with the right lower limb as the unified support under all conditions. Kinematic and dynamic data were collected simultaneously for two-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance (intense exercise × lunge direction) in SPSS 23.0. Results: The main effect of the lunge direction and the interaction effect of movement × direction did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05) for all joint angles and torque indicators, indicating that the fatigue effect of intense exercise is consistent under left and right lunge conditions. Regarding the main effect of movement, the hip flexion angle significantly decreased (p = 0.024), and the hip adduction and external rotation both increased (p = 0.008, p = 0.021); the knee internal rotation increased (p = 0.017); the ankle eversion increased (p = 0.034); the hip extension torque (p = 0.018) and adduction torque (p = 0.015), the knee flexion torque (p = 0.016) and adduction torque (p = 0.012), and the ankle inversion torque (p = 0.021) all significantly decreased. The anterior–posterior velocity of the body’s center of mass (p = 0.005), the vertical displacement range (p = 0.014), and the margin of stability (p = 0.008) were all significantly reduced. Conclusion: After intense exercise, the angles and torques of the lower limb joints of the subjects change. This may be associated with an increased risk of lower limb injuries under fatigue conditions, and it can provide a reference for the design of specialized gait training and injury prevention programs.

All of the materials used to produce soles for traditional casual athletic shoes are nearly uniform, foam-based materials which lack any ability to regulate the long-term durability and energy absorption properties of the shoe. The recent advances of lattice-based additive manufacturing technologies have given rise to an opportunity to produce unique contoured cushioning systems that can be constructed with adjustable mechanical properties by varying the topology and porosity in a controlled manner. This research paper discusses the investigation of three types of lattice structures (i.e., gyroid, diamond, and Kelvin cell) when subjected to compressive load conditions. The lattice samples were created with four variations of porosity (i.e., 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%) as well as two variations of thickness (i.e., 0.8 mm and 1 mm). Flexible ABS resin was produced by using the Vat photopolymerization process and the resultant samples were characterized through mechanical testing. Quasi-static loading and numerical analysis were performed on samples created using SLA technology. The results indicate that the mechanical characteristics of the three lattice types, as dictated by their topology and relative density, greatly influenced the performance of each structure; specifically, the gyroid lattice provided the best mechanical performance with the highest load resistance and the most uniform stress distribution. The diamond lattice was second to the gyroid lattice, while the Kelvin cell was found to have the lowest stiffness and failed by exhibiting signs of instability at the highest porosity levels before the other two lattice performed.