Electrochemical manufacturing of nanocarbons from carbon dioxide in molten alkali metal carbonate salts: roles of alkali metal cations

Abstract

One simple and fast way to manufacture a useful product from CO₂ is to capture the gas by, and then carry out electrolysis in molten alkali metal carbonates. Carbon electro-deposition in molten Li₂CO₃-Na₂CO₃-K₂CO₃ (molar ratio: 43.5:31.5:25.0) has been widely reported in literature. However, studies in each of the individual alkali metal carbonates either have received less attention or are simply lacking in literature. Electrochemical studies of these molten carbonates are important to understand their underlying processes and reactions during the electrolysis. In this work, cyclic voltammograms (CVs) were recorded in each of the above-mentioned molten alkali carbonate salts using a 0.25 mm diameter Pt wire working electrode. In molten Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO_3, the main cathodic reaction was likely the formation of alkali metal, while that in Li₂CO₃ was carbon deposition. The results also suggest that other competing reactions such as CO and alkali metal carbide formation are possible as well in different molten salts. On the CVs, the anodic current peaks observed are mostly associated with the oxidation of cathodic products. Flake/ring/sheet-like structures and quasi-spherical particles were observed in the produced carbon. The morphology of the carbon contained both amorphous and graphitic structures, which varied with different electrolysis variables.

Keywords

Carbon capture and utilisation / Electro-deposition / Cyclic voltammetry / Nanocarbons / Molten salts / Alkali metal carbonates

Funding

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266(EP/J000582/1)

Ningbo Municipal People's Government http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003847(2014A35001-1)