Chemical structure and beneficial roles of active biomacromolecules from Ginseng: a narrative review

Abstract

Biomacromolecules derived from plant-based traditional Chinese medicines play a pivotal role in natural drug research. Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, has attracted significant attention due to its diverse pharmacological activities and broad therapeutic applications. This review focuses on specific active macromolecules obtained from ginseng, including pectin, exosomes, proteins, and dietary fibers. These components possess unique structural characteristics and biological activities that offer novel insights into the multifaceted applications of ginseng. To systematically assess this field, we reviewed literature published over the past 60 years and identified 119 relevant studies investigating the structural composition, pharmacological activity, and potential applications of P. ginseng biomacromolecules. By highlighting their crucial role in promoting health and enhancing disease resistance, this review synthesizes the latest research findings on ginseng’s pharmacological effects, providing new perspectives and strong theoretical support for clinical drug development.

Keywords

Dietary fiber / Exosomes / Ginseng / Pectin / Proteins / Review

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

This work was supported by the grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82474070) and Jilin Science & Technology Development Plan (Grant No. 20230204003YY).

Author contributions

Shi-Lu Li contributed to conceptualization, data curation, investigation, methodology, writing - original draft. Shuai Zhang contributed to supervision, writing - review & editing. Lu Fu contributed to supervision, writing - review & editing. Chen Chen contributed to supervision, writing - review & editing. Wen-Hui Zhang contributed to supervision, writing - review & editing. Wei Li contributed to conceptualization, writing - review & editing, supervision, funding acquisition. All authors have read and agree to be accountable for all aspects of work, ensuring integrity and accuracy, and publication of the manuscript.

Ethical approval of studies and informed consent

Not applicable.

Acknowledgments

None.

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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