Choerospondias axillaris: a review of its clinical application, phytochemistry, and an investigation into its potential cardiovascular therapy

Abstract

This article conducts a comprehensive review of both traditional therapeutic application knowledge and contemporary literature pertaining to Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill. Traditional application information was gathered from relevant reports, books, and classic material medica. Research literature and dissertations on C. axillaris chemical constituents and pharmacological activities, available up to 2023, were sourced from electronic databases. Pharmaceutical components such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenes, lignans, and organic acids were identified in C. axillaris and categorized based on their relevance to cardiovascular roles. Examining the material basis for C. axillaris efficacy in addressing cardiovascular diseases, an analysis of 27 Chinese patent medicines containing Choerospondiatis Fructus (CF) highlighted Myristicae Semen as the most frequently utilized and strongly associated with CF in prescriptions. C. axillaris exhibited notable pharmacological effects, encompassing anti-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, anti-arrhythmic properties, anti-myocardial fibrosis, and hemorheological effects linked to cardiovascular diseases. This review aspires to provide valuable insights for translating traditional applications into modern pharmaceuticals and offers guidance for clinical applications in cardiovascular interventions.

Keywords

Bioactive components / Cardiovascular diseases / Choerospondias axillaris / Traditional therapeutic application

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the Macau Science and Technology Development Fund (0043/2021/ AGJ), the Science and Technology Major Project of Tibetan Autonomous Region of China (XZ202201ZD0001G06), the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (2022NSFSC1605), the Special Fund of Natural Science for the Central Universities (ZYN2023099), and the Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipments of Sichuan Province Fund (ERCPEF2201).

Author contributions

Yanfei Huang contributed to conceptualization, methodology, data curation, writing-original draft, writing-review and editing, and funding acquisition. Qi Ye contributed to visualization, data curation, investigation, and writing-original draft. Yifan Tian contributed to investigation, data curation, and writing-original draft. Li Yang contributed to formal analysis and data curation. Zhiyan Liu contributed to formal analysis and data curation. Liping Bai contributed to visualization and conceptualization. Yuan Liu contributed to conceptualization, supervision, and writing-original draft. Zhifeng Zhang, Weiyi Tian, and Pei Luo contributed to supervision and project administration.

Ethical approval of studies and informed consent

Not applicable.

Acknowledgments

None.

Data availability

All relevant data are within the manuscript.

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