Natural products against HIV latency

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy has achieved great success in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and transforming HIV infection from a fatal disease to a manageable chronic disease. However, the latent HIV reservoir persists in the body of HIV-infected individuals and is prone to reactivation. Therefore, the development of new treatment methods aimed at a complete cure for HIV is needed. The leading strategy for HIV eradication is based on eliminating and preventing the reactivation of latent reservoirs through an approach known as “shock and kill.” This strategy involves the use of latency-reversing agents (LRAs) to activate the HIV provirus in latent viral reservoir cells. Many LRAs can be obtained from natural resources, including plants and marine organisms. In this review, we provide an overview of natural products used to eliminate HIV latency.

Keywords

Diterpenoid / Human immunodeficiency virus / Human immunodeficiency virus latency / Shock and kill / Thymelaeaceae

Funding

The investigation was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI 17K08348 and 21K06619 (Wei Li).

Author contributions

All authors participated in the study design, conducting the research, and writing of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Ethical approval of studies and informed consent

Not applicable.

Acknowledgments

None.

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