Changes in Calcareous Nannofossil Assemblages and Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of the Early Miocene Lice Formation, Kahramanmaraş Basin, Turkey, East Mediterranean

Abstract

This study investigated the calcareous nannofossil assemblages in detail from the early Miocene aged Lice Formation outcropping in the Kahramanmaraş basin. The biostratigraphy of calcareous nannofossils was outlined and paleoenvironmental features determined. In 81 samples taken from three measured sections in the region, 17 calcareous nannofossil genus and 48 nannofossil species were identified. These calcareous nannofossil genus and species identified the Lice Formation as being in the CNM4 nannofossil biozone. The abundance and diversity of early Miocene calcareous nannofossil species varied in the measured sections, with the samples generally moderate-poor, apart from a few samples. The relative abundance of individuals of Cyclicargolithus floridanus,Coccolithus pelagicus,Reticulofenestra hagii and Sphenolithus moriformis species, with paleoecological importance identified in the study region, indicate that in early Miocene times, the basin in which the Lice Formation deposited was meso-eutrophic with excess nutrient input, temperate and generally stable shallow marine conditions.

Keywords

paleoecology / nannofossil / Burdigalian / East Mediterranean

References

[1] Agnini, C.,Fornaciari, E.,Raffi, I.,Catanzariti, R.,Pälike, H.,Backman, J., and Rio, D.,2014. Biozonation and biochronology of Paleogene calcareous nannofossils from low and middle latitudes. Newsletters on Stratigraphy,47(2):131-181.

[2] Agnini, C.,Monechi, S., and Raffi, I.,2017. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy: Historical background and application in Cenozoic chronostratigraphy. Lethaia,50(3):447-463.

[3] Akıncı A.C.,Robertson, A.H., and Ünlügenç U.C.,2016. Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic subduction-collision history of the southern Neotethys: New evidence from the Çağlayancerit area, SE Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences,105(1):315-337.

[4] Akıncı A.C.,2017. Çağlayancerit-Helete (Kahramanmaraş) Bölgesindeki Orojenik Kuşak ve Örtü Birimlerinin Tektono-Stratigrafik Gelişimi, Turkey (Ph.D thesis), Çukurova University,1-258 (in Turkish).

[5] Alçiçek, H.,2010. Stratigraphic correlation of the Neogene Basins in southwestern Anatolia: Regional palaeogeographical, palaeoclimatic and tectonic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,291(3-4):297-318.

[6] Aubry, M.P.,1992. Late Paleogene calcareous nannoplankton evolution: A tale of climatic deterioration. In: Prothero D.R., and Berggren W.A. (eds.),Eocene-Oligocene climatic and biotic evolution. Oxfort: Princeton University Press,272-309.

[7] Auer, G.,Piller, W.E.,Reuter, M.,Harzhauser, M., and Brandano, M.,2014. A multi-proxy approach for correlating shallow marine carbonate successions in the Oligocene-Miocene Mediterranean region with global chronostratigraphy. EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts,7369.

[8] Backman, J.,Raffi, I.,Rio, D.,Fornaciari, E., and Pälike, H.,2012. Biozonation and biochronology of Miocene through Pleistocene calcareous nannofossils from low and middle latitudes. Newsletters on Stratigraphy,45(3):221-244.

[9] Baumann, K.H.,Andruleit, H.,Böckel, B.,Geisen, M., and Kinkel, H.,2005. The significance of extant coccolithophores as indicators of ocean water masses, surface water temperature, and palaeoproductivity: A review. Paläontologische Zeitschrift,79(1):93-112.

[10] Blumenthal, M.,1938. Die Grenzzone Zwischen syrischer Tafel und yauridcn in der degend des Amanos, Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,31:381-383.

[11] Bown, P.R., and Young, J.R.,1998. Techniques. In: Bown P.R. (ed.),Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands:16-28.

[12] Bralower, T.J.,2002. Evidence of surface water oligotrophy during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: Nannofossil assemblage data from Ocean Drilling Program Site 690, Maud Rise, Weddell Sea. Paleoceanography,17(2):131-1312.

[13] Bukry, D.,1971. Coccolith stratigraphy LEG 6. Intial Report of the Deep Sea Drilling Project,Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,965-1004.

[14] Cachao, M.,Oliviera, A., and Vitorino, J.,2000. Sub-tropical winter guests, offshore Portugal. Journal of Nannoplankton Research,22(1):19-26.

[15] De Kaenel, E., and Villa, G.,1996. Oligocene-Miocene calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and paleoecology from the Iberia Abyssal Plain. In: Whitmarsh R.B.,Sawyer D.S.,Klaus A., and Masson D.G., (eds.),Proc ODP Sci Results 149, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program),79-146.

[16] De Righi, M.R., and Cortesini, A. 1964. Gravity tectonics in foothills structure belt of Southeast Turkey. AAPG Bulletin,48(12):1911-1937.

[17] Di Stefano, A.,Verducci, M.,Cascella, A., and Iaccarino, S.M.,2011. Calcareous plankton events at the Early-Middle Miocene transition of DSDP Hole 608: Comparison with Mediterranean successions for definition of the Langhian GSSP. Stratigraphy,8(2-3):145-161.

[18] Dunkley Jones, T.,Bown, P.R.,Pearson, P.N.,Wade, B.S.,Coxall, H.K., and Lear, C.H.,2008. Major shifts in calcareous phytoplankton assemblages through the Eocene-Oligocene transition of Tanzania and their implications for low-latitude primary production. Paleoceanography,23(4):1-14.

[19] Duran, O.,Şemşir, D.,Sezgin, İ., and Perinçek, D.,1989. Güneydoğu Anadolu’da Midyat ve Silvan Gruplarının stratigrafisi, sedimantolojisi ve paleocoğrafyası paleontolojisi, jeoloji tarihi, rezervuar ve diyajenez özellikleri ve olası petrol potansiyeli. TPAO report, (2563) (in Turkish).

[20] Ersoy, E.Y.,Çemen, İ.,Helvacı C., and Billor, M.Z.,2014. Tectono-stratigraphy of the Neogene basins in Western Turkey: Implications for tectonic evolution of the Aegean Extended Region. Tectonophysics,635:33-58.

[21] Fioroni, C.,Villa, G.,Persico, D.,Wise, S.W., and Pea, L.,2012. Revised middle Eocene-upper Oligocene calcareous nannofossil biozonation for the Southern Ocean. Revue De Micropaléontologie,55(2):53-70.

[22] Flores, J.A.,Sierro, F.J.,Filippelli, G.M.,Bárcena, M.Á.,Pérez-Folgado, M.,Vázquez, A., and Utrilla, R.,2005. Surface water dynamics and phytoplankton communities during deposition of cyclic late Messinian sapropel sequences in the western Mediterranean. Marine Micropaleontology,56(1-2):50-79.

[23] Fornaciari, E.,Backman, J., and Rio, D.,1993. Quantitative distribution patterns of selected lower to middle Miocene calcareous nannofossils from the ontong Java Plateau. In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 130 Scientific Results. 245-256:

[24] Fornaciari, E., and Rio, D.,1996. Latest Oligocene to early middle Miocene quantitative calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy in the Mediterranean region. Micropaleontology,42:1-36.

[25] Fuck, R.,2017. The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen (edited by Durant, B.,Jolivet, L.,Horváth, F., and Séranne, M., ). London Geological Society special publications,156,1-570.

[26] Galoviš I., and Young, J.,2012. Revised taxonomy and stratigraphy of Middle Miocene calcareous nannofossils of the Paratethys. Micropaleontology,58(4):305-334.

[27] Gibbs, S.,Shackleton, N., and Young, J.,2004. Orbitally forced climate signals in mid-Pliocene nannofossil assemblages. Marine Micropaleontology,51(1-2):39-56.

[28] Giraudeau, J., and Rogers, J.,1994. Phytoplankton biomass and sea-surface temperature estimates from sea-bed distribution of nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera in the Benguela upwelling system. Micropaleontology,40(3):275-285.

[29] Gözübol, A.M., and Gürpinar, O.,1980. Kahramanmaraş kuzeyinin jeolojisi ve tektonik evrimi, 5. Türkiye Petrol Kongresi Bildirileri, Ankara,21,29 (in Turkish).

[30] Guerreiro, C.,Oliveira, A.,de Stigter, H.,Cachão, M.,Sá C.,Borges, C.,Cros, L.,Santos, A.,Fortuño, J.M., and Rodrigues, A.,2013. Late winter coccolithophore bloom off central Portugal in response to river discharge and upwelling. Continental Shelf Research,59:65-83.

[31] Guerreiro, C.,Sá C.,Stigter, H.,Oliveira, A.,Cachão, M.,Cros, L.,Borges, C.,Quaresma, L.,Santos, A.,Fortuño, J., and Rodrigues, A.,2014. Influence of the Nazaré Canyon, central Portuguese margin, on late winter coccolithophore assemblages. Deep-Sea Research Part II. Topical Studies in Oceanography,104:335-358.

[32] Guerreiro, C.,de Stigter, H.,Cachão, M.,Oliveira, A., and Rodrigues, A.,2015. Coccoliths from recent sediments of the central Portuguese margin: Taphonomical and ecological inferences. Marine Micropaleontology,114:55-68.

[33] Gül, M.A.,2000. Kahramanmaraş yöresinin jeolojisi. Turkey (Ph.D Thesis), Hacettepe University, Ankara 304 (in Turkish with English abstract).

[34] Haq, B.U., and Lohmann, G.P.,1976. Early Cenozoic calcareous nannoplankton biogeography of the Atlantic Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology,1:119-194.

[35] Haq, B.U.,1980. Biogeographic history of Miocene calcareous nannoplankton and paleoceanography of the Atlantic Ocean. Micropaleontology,26(4):414-443.

[36] Haq, B.U.,Hardenbol, J., and Vail, P.R.,1987. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science,235(4793):1156-1167.

[37] Haq, B.U.,Hardenbol, J.A.N., and Vail, P.R.,1988. Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and cycles of sea-level change. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,42:71-108.

[38] Herece, E.,2008. Doğu Anadolu Fayı atlası. MTA Özel Yayın Serisi,13 (in Turkish).

[39] Işık, U.,2010. Kahramanmaraş-Adıyaman Havzaları Sığ Denizel Sedimanların Oligo-Miyosen Bentik Foraminifer Tanımlaması ve Biyostratigrafisi, Turkey (Ph.D Thesis),Ankara University,Ankara,243 (in Turkish with English abstract)

[40] Işık, U., and Hakyemez, A.,2011. Integrated Oligocene-lower Miocene larger and planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the kahramanmaraş basin (southern Anatolia, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences,20(2):185-212.

[41] Kallanxhi, M.E.,Bălc, R.,Šoriš S.,Székely, S.F., and Filipescu, S.,2018. The Rupelian-Chattian transition in the northwestern Transylvanian Basin (Romania) revealed by calcareous nannofossils: Implications for biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Geologica Carpathica,69(3):264-282.

[42] Kameo, K., and Sato, T.,2000. Biogeography of Neogene calcareous nannofossils in the Caribbean and the eastern equatorial Pacific-floral response to the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama. Marine Micropaleontology,39(1-4):210-218.

[43] Krhovský J.,Adamová J.,Hladíková J., and Maslowská H.,1992. Palaeoenvironmental changes across the Eocene/Oligocene boundary in the Ždánice and Pouzdřany Units (Western Carpathians, Czechoslovakia): The long-term trend and orbitally forced changes in calcareous nannofossil assemblages. In: Hamršmíd B., and Young J., (eds.),Nannoplankton Research. Proceedings of Fourth INA Conference, Prague, Knihovnička,105-187.

[44] Lourens, L.J.,Hilgen, F.J.,Shackleton, N.J.,Laskar, J., and Wilson, D.,2004. The Neogene Period. In: Gradstein F.M.,Ogg J.G., and Smith A.G., (eds.),A Geological Time Scale 2004 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,409-440.

[45] Martini, E.,1971. Standard Tertiary and Quatemary calcareous nannoplankton zonation. Proceedings 2nd International Conference of Planktonic Microfossils, Vol. 2, Roma,738-785.

[46] Mcintyre, A., and Bé A.W.H.,1967. Modern Coccolithophoridae of the Atlantic Ocean-I. Placoliths and cyrtoliths. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts,14(5):561-597.

[47] Melinte, M.C.,2005. Oligocene palaeoenvironmental changes in the Romanian Carpathians, revealed by calcareous nannofossils. Studia Geologica Polonica,124:341-352.

[48] Monechi, S.,Buccianti, A., and Gardin, S.,2000. Biotic signals from nannoflora across the iridium anomaly in the upper Eocene of the Massignano section: Evidence from statistical analysis. Marine Micropaleontology,39(1-4):219-237.

[49] Negri, A., and Villa, G.,2000. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, biochronology and paleoecology at the Tortonian/Messinian boundary of the Faneromeni section (Crete). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,156(3-4):195-209.

[50] Okada, H., and Honjo, S.,1973. The distribution of oceanic coccolithophorids in the Pacific. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts,20(4):355-374.

[51] Okada, H., and McIntyre, A.,1979. Seasonal distribution of modern coccolithophores in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Biology,54(4):319-328.

[52] Okada, H., and Bukry, D.,1980. Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation (Bukry, 1973; 1975). Marine Micropaleontology,5:321-325.

[53] Okay, A.I., and Tüysüz, O.,1999. Tethyan Sutures of Northern Turkey. In: Durand B.,Jolivet L.,Horváth F. and Seranne M., (eds.),the Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen. Geological Society. Special Publication, London, England,156:475-515.

[54] Olafsson, G.,1991. Quantitative calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and biochronology of Early through Late Miocene sediments from DSDP Hole 608. Meddeleser Stockholm University Institute of Geology and Geochemistry,283:1-122. Önalan, M.,1988. Kahramanmaraş Tersiyer Kenar Havzasinin Jeolojik Evrimi. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni,31(2):1-10. (in Turkish).

[55] Paicheler, J.C.,de Broin, F.,Gaudant, J.,Mourer-Chauvire, C.,Rage, J.C., and Vergnaud-Grazzini, C.,1978. Le bassin lacustre miocène de Bes-Konak (Anatolie-Rurquie): Géologie et introduction a la paléontologie des vertébrés. Geobios,11(1):43-65.

[56] Perch-Nielsen, K.,1985b. Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils. In: Bolli H.M.,Saunders J.B., and Perch-Nielsen K. (eds.),Plankton stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press,427-554.

[57] Poisson, A.,Vrielynck, B.,Wernli, R.,Negri, A.,Bassetti, M.A.,Büyükmeriç Y.,Özer, S.,Guillou, H.,Kavak, K.S.,Temiz, H., and Orszag-Sperber, F.,2016. Miocene transgression in the central and eastern parts of the Sivas Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey) and the Cenozoic palaeogeographical evolution. International Journal of Earth Sciences,105(1):339-368.

[58] Popov, S.V.,Rögl, F.,Rozanov, A.Y.,Steininger, F.F.,Shcherba, I.G., and Kováč M.,2004. Lithological-Paleogeographic maps of Paratethys:10 maps Late Eocene to Pliocene, Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenberg,250:1-46.

[59] Rahman, A., and Roth, P.H.,1990. Late Neogene paleoceanography and paleoclimatology of the Gulf of Aden Region based on calcareous nannofossils. Paleoceanography,5(1):91-107.

[60] Robertson, A.,Boulton, S.J.,Taslı K.,Yıldırım, N.,Inan, N.,Yıldız, A., and Parlak, O.,2016. Late Cretaceous-Miocene sedimentary development of the Arabian continental margin in SE Turkey (Adıyaman region): Implications for regional palaeogeography and the closure history of Southern Neotethys. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,115:571-616.

[61] Roth, P.H., and Berger, W.H.,1975. Distribution and dissolution of coccoliths in the south and central Pacific. In; Sliter W.V.,Bé A.W.H., and Berger W.H., (eds.),Dissolution of Deep-Sea Carbonate. Cushman Foundation Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication,87-113.

[62] Rögl, V.F.,1998. Palaeogeographic considerations for Mediterranean and Paratethys seaways (Oligocene to Miocene). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie A für Mineralogie und Petrographie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Anthropologie und Prähistorie,99:279-310.

[63] Rögl, V.F.,1999. Circum-Mediterranean Miocene Paleogeography. In: Rossner G., and Heissig K. (eds.),The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe,Dr. Fritz Pfeil Verlag,Munich,39-48.

[64] Schmidt, D.L.,1958. Petrography of The Idaho Batholith in Valley County, Idaho, US Geological Survey,58-89.

[65] Steininger, F.F.,Müller, C., and Rögl, F.,1988. Correlation of Central Paratethys, Eastern Paratethys and Mediterranean Neogene Stages. In: Royden L.H., and Horváth F. (eds.),The Pannonian Basin. A Study in Basin Evolution. AAPG Memoir, Tulsa, Budapest,45:79-87.

[66] Toffanin, F.,Agnini, C.,Fornaciari, E.,Rio, D.,Giusberti, L.,Luciani, V.,Spofforth, D.J.A., and Pälike, H.,2011. Changes in calcareous nannofossil assemblages during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum: Clues from the central-western Tethys (Alano section, NE Italy). Marine Micropaleontology,81(1-2):22-31.

[67] Usta, D.,Ateş Ş.,Beyazpiriç M.,Kanar, F.,Yıldız, H.,Uçar, L.,Akça, İ.,Tufan, E., and Örtlek, A.T.,2015. Orta ve Kuzey Amanos Dağları’nın (Osmaniye-Gaziantep-K. Maraş) Stratigrafisine İlişkin Yeni Bulgular. TPJD Bülteni,27(1):57-98 (in Turkish with English abstract).

[68] Wade, B.S., and Bown, P.R.,2006. Calcareous nannofossils in extreme environments: The Messinian Salinity Crisis, Polemi Basin, Cyprus. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,233(3-4):271-286.

[69] Wei, W.,1988. A new technique for preparing quantitative nannofossil slides. Journal of Paleontology,62(3):472-473.

[70] Wei, W., and Wise, Jr., S.W.,1990b. Biogeographic gradients of middle Eocene-Oligocene calcareous nannoplankton in the South Atlantic Ocean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,79(1(1-2)):29-61.

[71] Wei, W., and Wise, Jr., S.W.,1990a. Middle Eocene to Pleistocene calcareous nannofossils recovered by Ocean Drilling Program Leg 113 from the Weddell Sea. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results,113:639-666.

[72] Yalçın, C.,2012. Çağlayancerit (Kahramanmaraş) Batısının Tektono-Stratigrafisi ve Yapısal Evrimi, Turkey, (M.Sc. thesis),Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş129 (in Turkish with English abstract).

[73] Yılmaz, E., and Duran, O.,1997. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi otokton ve allokton birimler stratigrafi adlama sözlüğü (Lexicon). TPAO, Eğitim Yayınları Ankara,31:1-460.

[74] Ziveri, P.,Baumann, K.H.,Böckel, B.,Bollmann, J., and Young, J.R.,2004. Biogeography of selected Holocene coccoliths in the Atlantic Ocean. In: Thierstein H.R., and Young J.R. (eds.),Coccolithophores: from Molecular Processes to Global Impact. Springer,403-428.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2024 The Author(s). Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Geological Society of China.