Atomically Precise Coinage Metal Nanocluster Photocatalysts: Recent Advances in Organic Synthesis

Abstract

Atomically precise coinage metal nanoclusters represent an emerging class of photocatalysts with exceptional structural uniformity and tunable optoelectronic properties. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in the application of coinage metal nanoclusters in visible-light-driven organic synthesis, highlighting their catalytic versatility across a diverse array of bond-forming reactions. Key transformations discussed include singlet oxygen-mediated aerobic oxidations, [2+2] cycloadditions, hydroborylations, cross-couplings, multi-component reactions, click reactions, and others. These processes often proceed under mild conditions with high selectivity and efficiency, attributable to the unique quantum size effects, tailored surface ligands, and well-defined core structures of coinage metal nanoclusters. Mechanistic insights derived from state-of-the-art studies reveal the involvement of energy transfer and single-electron transfer pathways, underscoring the role of coinage metal nanoclusters as tunable photoredox platforms. This review not only showcases the catalytic prowess of coinage metal nanoclusters in complex organic conversions but also outlines future directions for designing next-generation cluster-based photocatalysts with enhanced performance and broader applicability.

Keywords

catalytic mechanism / metal nanoclusters / organic synthesis / photocatalysis

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