Spatiotemporal responsive hydrogel microspheres for the treatment of gastric cancer

Abstract

The development of tumor drug microcarriers has attracted considerable interest due to their distinctive therapeutic performances. Current attempts tend to elaborate on the micro/nano-structure design of the microcarriers to achieve multiple drug delivery and spatiotemporal responsive features. Here, the desired hydrogel microspheres are presented with spatiotemporal responsiveness for the treatment of gastric cancer. The microspheres are generated based on inverse opals, their skeleton is fabricated by biofriendly hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), and is then filled with a phase-changing hydrogel composed of fish gelatin and agarose. Besides, the incorporated black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) within the filling hydrogel endow the microspheres with outstanding photothermal responsiveness. Two antitumor drugs, sorafenib (SOR) and doxorubicin (DOX), are loaded in the skeleton and filling hydrogel, respectively. It is found that the drugs show different release profiles upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, which exerts distinct performances in a controlled manner. Through both in vitro and in vivo experiments, it is demonstrated that such microspheres can significantly reduce tumor cell viability and enhance the efficiency in treating gastric cancer, indicating a promising stratagem in the field of drug delivery and tumor therapy.

Keywords

combination therapy / gastric cancer / inverse opal / microcarriers / spatiotemporal responsiveness

References

[1] S. Cornen, E. Vivier, Science 2018, 362, 1355.

[2] M. Xu, T. Zhang, R. Xia, Y. Wei, X. Wei, Mol. Cancer 2022, 21, 208.

[3] Q. Lei, S.-B. Wang, J.-J. Hu, Y.-X. Lin, C.-H. Zhu, L. Rong, X.-Z. Zhang, ACS Nano 2017, 11, 7201.

[4] J. Yang, H. Yao, Y. Guo, B. Yang, J. Shi, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202200480.

[5] L. Huang, S. Zhao, J. Wu, L. Yu, N. Singh, K. Yang, M. Lan, P. Wang, J. S. Kim, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2021, 438, 213888.

[6] M. Zhang, R. Song, Y. Liu, Z. Yi, X. Meng, J. Zhang, Z. Tang, Z. Yao, Y. Liu, X. Liu, W. Bu, Chem 2019, 5, 2171.

[7] Y. Wang, X. Ma, W. Zhou, C. Liu, H. Zhang, Smart Med. 2022, 1, e20220013.

[8] H. Zou, S. Gan, H. Shen, B. He, Z. Zheng, J. Li, J. C. Huang, L. Zheng, B. Z. Tang, J. Zhang, Mater. Today 2022, 61, 117.

[9] M. Michael, M. M. Doherty, J. Clin. Oncol. 2016, 23, 205.

[10] S. Li, Y. Zhang, S.-H. Ho, B. Li, M. Wang, X. Deng, N. Yang, G. Liu, Z. Lu, J. Xu, Q. Shi, J.-Y. Han, L. Zhang, Y. Wu, Y. Zhao, G. Nie, Nat. Biomed. Eng. 2020, 4, 732.

[11] D. Tang, Y. Yu, J. Zhang, X. Dong, C. Liu, H. Xiao, Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2203820.

[12] V. Sridhar, F. Podjaski, Y. Alapan, J. Kröger, L. Grunenberg, V. Kishore, B. V. Lotsch, M. Sitti, Sci. Rob. 2022, 7, eabm1421.

[13] H. M. Kim, S. A. Kim, S. B. Park, J. H. Cho, S. Y. Song, Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 2017, 52, 577.

[14] H. Zou, Z. Wei, C. Song, J. Ran, Z. Cao, C. Tang, G. Zhang, Y. Cai, M. Lu, W. Han, J. Mater. Chem. B 2021, 9, 3235.

[15] J. Wan, J. Wang, M. Zhou, Z. Rao, X. Ling, J. Mater. Chem. B 2020, 8, 7755.

[16] W. Chen, K. Shi, J. Liu, P. Yang, R. Han, M. Pan, L. Yuan, C. Fang, Y. Yu, Z. Qian, Bioact. Mater. 2023, 23, 1.

[17] S.-Y. Qin, Y.-J. Cheng, Q. Lei, A.-Q. Zhang, X.-Z. Zhang, Biomaterials 2018, 171, 178.

[18] Q. Song, C. Zheng, J. Jia, H. Zhao, Q. Feng, H. Zhang, L. Wang, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1903793.

[19] J. Kaiser, Science 2020, 369, 18.

[20] D. Liang, G. Kuang, X. Chen, J. Lu, L. Shang, W. Sun, Smart Med. 2023, 2, e20230016.

[21] X. Su, Z. Bao, W. Xie, D. Wang, T. Han, D. Wang, B.Z. Tang, Research 2023, 6, 0194.

[22] W. Zhou, X. Ma, J. Wang, X. Xu, O. Koivisto, J. Feng, T. Viitala, H. Zhang, Smart Med. 2022, 1, e20220036.

[23] C. Gong, X. Zhang, M. Shi, F. Li, S. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, W. Wei, G. Ma, Adv. Sci. 2021, 8, 2002787.

[24] L. Wang, Z. Cao, M. Zhang, S. Lin, J. Liu, Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2106669.

[25] Y. Chen, M. Du, Z. Yuan, Z. Chen, F. Yan, Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 4468.

[26] H. Zhang, Y. Liu, G. Chen, H. Wang, C. Chen, M. Li, P. Lu, Y. Zhao, Sci. Bull. 2020, 65, 380.

[27] Y. S. Zhang, C. Zhu, Y. Xia, Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1701115.

[28] H. Lee, T. Y. Jeon, S. Y. Lee, S. Y. Lee, S.-H. Kim, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1706664.

[29] F. Bian, L. Sun, H. Chen, Y. Wang, L. Wang, L. Shang, Y. Zhao, Adv. Sci. 2022, 9, 2105278.

[30] X. Shou, H. Zhang, D. Wu, L. Zhong, D. Ni, T. Kong, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Small 2021, 17, 2006955.

[31] C. Chen, Y. Liu, H. Wang, G. Chen, X. Wu, J. Ren, H. Zhang, Y. Zhao, ACS Nano 2018, 12, 10493.

[32] X. Shou, Y. Liu, D. Wu, H. Zhang, Y. Zhao, W. Sun, X. Shen, Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 408, 127349.

[33] L. Wang, L. Sun, F. Bian, Y. Wang, Y. Zhao, ACS Nano 2022, 16, 2640.

[34] H. Wang, X. Chen, G. Xie, D. Bi, S. Du, M. Li, L. Zhang, J. Zhu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 33, 2306025.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2024 The Author(s). Aggregate published by SCUT, AIEI, and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.