Morphologic characteristics of maxilla in patients with distal occlusion
Irina K. Shevchenko , Roman A. Fadeev , Daniil V. Azarov
Acta Universitatis Dentistriae et Chirurgiae Maxillofacialis ›› 2025, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (1) : 15 -22.
Morphologic characteristics of maxilla in patients with distal occlusion
BACKGROUND: Distal occlusion is among the most prevalent types of malocclusion. A variety of orthodontic appliances are used for its correction, and it is critical to consider the anatomical features of the maxilla, such as bone density and interradicular distances, when selecting a treatment modality.
AIM: The work aimed to characterize maxillary morphology in patients with distal occlusion.
METHODS: The study included diagnostic dental models, lateral cephalometric radiographs, and cone-beam computed tomography scans of 46 patients with distal occlusion. Measurements included alveolar process height and width, interradicular distances, and bone density of the maxilla in two regions: between the second bicuspids and first molars (region A) and between the first and second molars (region B).
RESULTS: The measurements of the maxillary alveolar process in two regions showed that, the mean interradicular distance at the level of the maxillary sinus was greater in region A (2.84±0.89 mm) than in region B (2.37±1.19 mm); alveolar height was also greater in region A (10.44±2.59 mm) than in region B (9.53±2.55 mm). Median height between the cortical plates was comparable in both regions (2.55±0.42 mm in region A vs 2.4±0.37 mm in region B). Median cortical bone density of the alveolar ridge was higher in region A (1645.4±265 arbitrary units) than in region B (1534.0±285 arbitrary units). No clinically significant associations were observed between bone density (of the sinus floor cortex, cancellous bone, or alveolar cortical plate) and sex, growth pattern, or continuity of the dental arch.
CONCLUSION: The anatomical parameters of the maxilla relevant to orthodontic treatment planning were quantitatively assessed. The interradicular space between the second bicuspids and first molars may serve as a viable site for orthodontic microimplant placement.
distal occlusion / maxilla / orthodontic microimplants / infra-zygomatic area
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