Effect of a Modified Herbst Appliance on the Mandible Assessed by the Finite Element Method

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The finite element method is a computational tool widely used in engineering and biomechanics, which is becoming increasingly relevant in the field of orthodontics. The ability to model a complex biological structures has made it a valuable tool for understanding the interactions that occur during tooth movement. Orthodontic treatment is based on the application of mechanical forces to move the teeth to a more desirable position, but these forces also affect the surrounding tissues, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The finite element method allows you to predict how these tissues will respond to various exposures, which helps to develop more effective and safe treatment methods

AIM: To assess the effect of a Herbst appliance on bone structures of the mandible using the finite element method.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 3D model of the mandible in a 25-year-old adult patient was built, and the effect of a modified Herbst appliance on the mandible was assessed by the finite element method.

RESULTS: The physical properties of a viscoelastic material were determined for the 3D model, using a Kelvin model as the most appropriate best-case scenario for the cortical bone. The model of a static position of the mandible showed that the maximum mandibular displacement was 1.97 mm, the maximum elastic strain was 1.2% of the allowable limit, and the stress was less than 0.1% of the allowable limit. The model of mandibular movements during chewing revealed that the maximum displacement was 0.7 mm in the mandibular angle and coronoid process area. The elastic strain reached 2% of the allowable limit, concentrating on the distal surface of the mandibular second molar, and the stress was less than 0.2% of the allowable limit.

CONCLUSIONS: A viscoelastic Kelvin model enabled creating a 3D model of the mandible with properties similar to those of bone tissue. The use of the finite element method to assess the effect of a modified Herbst appliance on the mandible allowed for imaging of the displacement, strain, and stress observed while the appliance was utilized.

Keywords

Herbst appliance / finite element method / orthodontics

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