Features of pathogenesis and tactics of management of patients with ischemic stroke against the background of end-stage chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Acute cerebrovascular accidents in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease are an important but not well understood problem. The main difficulty is the lack of approved clinical guidelines and large multicenter studies that would allow the determination of a proven approach to therapy in the combination of these diseases. This group of patients is rarely included in clinical trials and has high risks of complications. Up to a third of strokes in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis develop in a hospital and are classified as intrahospital. Assessing the risks associated with performing contrast agent studies in patients with chronic kidney disease is a pressing issue. Kidney damage significantly increases the incidence of adverse outcomes in the acute stage of ischemic stroke, but when using systemic thrombolytic therapy it does not worsen outcomes and does not increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. The review article includes retrospective and prospective studies, systematic reviews describing cases of ischemic stroke in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease for the period 2015–2022. The search was conducted in the bibliographic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, eLIBRARY. Articles published only in peer-reviewed scientific journals were selected for the review. The search strategy was a search query for the key terms “ischemic stroke”, “chronic kidney disease”, “hemodialysis”, “thrombolytic therapy”, “angiography”. The reference lists of all published articles and relevant systematic reviews were manually reviewed. A total of 947 titles, 96 full articles were reviewed, 38 of which were included in this review. The article analyzes current concepts of the features of pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease receiving renal replacement therapy, as well as discusses approaches to the possibility of performing radiocontrast studies and the features of systemic thrombolytic therapy in this group of patients.

Keywords

acute cerebrovascular accident / angiography / in-hospital stroke / сhronic kidney disease / hemodialysis / radiocontrast agents / systemic thrombolysis

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