Approaches to radiation situation assessment and prediction in the Baltic Sea

Abstract

The review is devoted to the analysis of scientific publications, as well as regulatory legal acts and documents in the field of radioecology and radiation situation assessment in the Baltic Sea. To date, certain areas of the Baltic Sea are classified as environmentally unfavorable in terms of a number of harmful (polluting) substances that have a negative impact on the environment, including radiation conditions.

The article deals with two main aspects of radioecology problems: international and regional (Russian) within the Baltic Sea. Potentially hazardous objects and the main radioecological problems that are relevant at this time and require scientific and practical solutions have been analyzed.

The objects of negative impact in the course of the study were taken into account generally accepted four main components with different concentrations of pollutants: water, organisms and suspended organic matter, sediments and surface film.

Having studied and analyzed the statistical data of scientific research using the methods of generalized data processing, systematization and comparative analysis, a general conclusion about modern approaches to assessing and predicting the radiation situation in the Baltic Sea has been drawn.

In our opinion, improving the efficiency of systems for ensuring radioecological safety is relevant at the present time and requires a constant and comprehensive analysis of its state, which may allow timely assessment and forecasting of the radiation situation in the Baltic Sea.

Secondly, it is necessary to combine the efforts of the scientific community, public organizations and practicing professionals of industrial corporations from all countries of the region, which will increase the level of environmental safety of the Baltic Sea.

Keywords

radiation situation / IAEA / HELCOM / radioactive waste / the Baltic Sea / negative impact on the environment / environmental monitoring

References

[1] Russian Journal of Biological Invasions. URL: http://www.sevin.ru/invasjour/issues/2010_4.html /. (In Russ.).

[2] Российский журнал биологических инвазий: сайт. – URL: http://www.sevin.ru/invasjour/issues/2010_4.html /

[3] Hvostova M.S. Effect of radiation-hazardous facilities of naval and civilian fleets in the radiation-ecological conditions of North-West Russia. Dvojnye tehnologii = Dual Technology. 2015;4(73):24-29. (In Russ.).

[4] Хвостова М. С. Влияние радиационно-опасных объектов военно-морского и гражданского флотов на радиационно-экологическую обстановку Северо-Запада Российской Федерации // Двойные технологии. – 2015. – № 4 (73). – С.24-29. Hvostova M.S. Vliyanie radiacionno-opasnyh obektov voenno-morskogo i grazhdanskogo flotov na radiacionno-ekologicheskuyu obstanovku Severo-Zapada Rossij-skoj Federacii // Dvojnye tehnologii. 2015. № 4 (73) S.24-29

[5] Stepanov A. V., Tishkov V. P., Panteleev Yu. A., et al. Radioaktivnoe zagryaznenie Baltiyskogo morya posle avarii na ChAES. Trudy Radievogo instituta im. V. G. Khlopina. 2009;XIV:156-170. (In Russ.).

[6] Степанов А. В. Радиоактивное загрязнение Балтийского моря после аварии на ЧАЭС / А. В. Степанов, В. П. Тишков, Ю. А. Пантелеев [и др.] // Труды Радиевого института им. В. Г. Хлопина. – 2009. – Т. XIV. – C. 156-170.

[7] Konventsiya po zashchite morskoy sredy rayona Baltiyskogo morya 1992 goda. Elektronnyy fond normativno-tekhnicheskoy i normativno-pravovoy informatsii Konsortsium «Kodeks». URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1900924. (In Russ.).

[8] Конвенция по защите морской среды района Балтийского моря 1992 года // Электронный фонд нормативно-технической и нормативно-правовой информации Консорциум «Кодекс»: сайт. – URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1900924

[9] Konventsiya po zashchite Chernogo morya ot zagryazneniya 1992 goda. Rukopis' v MID Rossii, 1992v. (In Russ.).

[10] Конвенция по защите Черного моря от загрязнения 1992 года. Рукопись в МИД России, 1992в.

[11] Safety Series No. 41. Objectives and Design of Environmental Monitoring Programmes for Radioactive Contaminants. Vienna: IAEA; 1975. 148 p. URL: https://gnssn.iaea.org/Superseded%20Safety%20Standards/Safety_Series_041_1975.pdf.

[12] Grachev A. P., Baeva L. S.. Istoricheskie aspekty mezhdunarodnoy problemy zakhoroneniya radioaktivnykh otkhodov v moryakh. Vestnik MGTU = Scientific Journal of Murmansk State Technical University. 2004;3:478-484. (In Russ.).

[13] Грачев А. П. Исторические аспекты международной проблемы захоронения радиоактивных отходов в морях / А. П. Грачев, Л. С. Баева // Вестник МГТУ. – 2004. – № 3. – C. 478-484.

[14] The 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann. ICRP. 1991;21(1-3):1-201.

[15] The 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection // Ann. ICRP. 1991. Vol. 21, no. 1-3. P. 1-201.

[16] The 2007. Recommendations of the International Comission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication 103. Ann. ICRP. 2007;37(24):1-332.

[17] The 2007. Recommendations of the International Comission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication 103 //Ann. ICRP. 2007. Vol. 37, no. 24. P. 1-332.

[18] Anbumani S., Mohankumar M. N. Gamma radiation induced micronuclei and erythrocyte cellular abnormalities in the fish Catla catla. Aquat. Toxicol. 2012;122-123:125-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.06.001.

[19] Anbumani S., Mohankumar M. N. Gamma radiation induced micronuclei and erythrocyte cellular abnormalities in the fish Catla catla // Aquat. Toxicol. 2012. Vol. 122-123. P. 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.06.001.

[20] Baltiyskoe more: radiatsionnaya obstanovka. Atomnaya energiya 2.0. URL: https://www.atomic-energy.ru/articles/2009/11/19/6222. (In Russ.).

[21] Балтийское море: радиационная обстановка // Атомная энергия 2.0: сайт. – URL: https://www.atomic-energy.ru/articles/2009/11/19/6222

[22] Radioaktivnost' Baltiyskogo morya, 1984-1991 gody. Trudy KhELKOM. № 61, Khel'sinki, 1995. Saint Petersburg: TOO «BIONT», 1996. (In Russ.).

[23] Радиоактивность Балтийского моря, 1984-1991 годы. Труды ХЕЛКОМ. № 61, Хельсинки, 1995. – Санкт-Петербург: ТОО «БИОНТ», 1996.

[24] HELCOM MORS Thematic Assessment 2011-2015 of Radioactive Substances in the Baltic Sea. – URL: https://portal.helcom.fi/meetings/HOD%2052-2017-405/MeetingDocuments/3-8%20Thematic%20Assessment%20of%20Radioactive%20Substances%20in%20the%20Baltic%20Sea%202011-2015.pdf.

[25] HELCOM MORS Thematic Assessment 2011-2015 of Radioactive Substances in the Baltic Sea. – URL: https://portal.helcom.fi/meetings/HOD%2052-2017-405/MeetingDocuments/3-8%20Thematic%20Assessment%20of%20Radioactive%20Substances%20in%20the%20Baltic%20Sea%202011-2015.pdf

[26] Vasyukevich T. A., Nitievskaya L. S. Radioactivity of water and bottom sediments of the Baltic Sea in July-August 2020. TRUDY ATLANTNIRO = AtlantNIRO. 2021;5(1):28-36. (In Russ.).

[27] Васюкевич Т. А. Радиоактивность воды и донных осадков балтийского моря в июле-августе 2020 года / Т. А. Васюкевич, Л. С. Нитиевская // ТРУДЫ АТЛАНТНИРО. – 2021. – Т. 5. – № 1 (11). – С. 28-36.

[28] Chaykovskaya E. L., Vysotskiy V. L., Gichev D. V. Zakonomernosti formirovaniya radiatsionnoy obstanovki na territorii Primorskogo kraya. Atomnaya energiya = Atomic energy. 2001;91(3):223-238. (In Russ.).

[29] Чайковская Э. Л. Закономерности формирования радиационной обстановки на территории Приморского края / Э. Л. Чайковская, В. Л. Высоцкий, Д. В. Гичев // Атомная энергия. – 2001. – Т. 91. – Вып. 3. – С. 223-238.

[30] Borisov A.V., Salko D. A. Metody primeneniya donnogo gamma-spektrometra / A. V. Borisov. Izvestiya YuFU. Tekhnicheskie nauki = IZVESTIYA SFedU. ENGINEERING SCIENCES. 2006;67(12):55-59.

[31] Борисов А.В. Методы применения донного гамма-спектрометра / А. В. Борисов, Д. А. Салко // Известия ЮФУ. Технические науки. – 2006. – Т. 67. – № 12. – С. 55-59.

[32] Borisov A.V., Mironenko M.V. Radioecological monitoring of sea water areas and coastal territories. Sb. nauch.-tekhn. st. 2003. (In Russ.).

[33] Borisov A.V., Mironenko M.V. Radioecological monitoring of sea water areas and coastal territories // Сб. науч.-техн. ст. – 2003.

[34] Proekt obnovlennogo Plana Deystviy HELCOM po Baltiyskomu moryu. HELCOM. URL: http://helcom.ru/media/Draft%20updated%20Baltic%20Sea%20Action%20Plan_RU.pdf.

[35] Проект обновленного Плана Действий ХЕЛКОМ по Балтийскому морю // ХЕЛКОМ: сайт. – URL: http://helcom.ru/media/Draft%20updated%20Baltic%20Sea%20Action%20Plan_RU.pdf