Precision low-dose brachytherapy of prostate cancer under PSMA-receptor molecular visualization

Abstract

Brachytherapy with implantation of micro sources based on isotope ¹²⁵I is a preferred treatment for localized prostate cancer without signs of germination of the gland capsule and in the absence of signs of metastases (stage cT1-T23aN0M0). Structural imaging methods (ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) do not have high specificity in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer. Hybrid technologies of radiation imaging (single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography, positron emission tomography/computed tomography, and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging) combine the advantages of high sensitivity of cross-sectional structural imaging methods (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) and high specificity of molecular imaging methods (single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography) with tumorotropic radiopharmaceuticals. In this original clinical study, based on seven observations of localized prostate cancer (Gleason 6–7), it was shown that the precision of low-dose brachytherapy using ¹²⁵I micro sources of localized prostate carcinomas, along with targeted biopsy, can be increased using hybrid methods of PSMA-receptor molecular imaging (single-photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography, positron emission tomography/ computed tomography). The single-photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography method is more accessible than positron emission tomography/ computed tomography. Moreover, when coupled with cold kits (HYNIC-PSMA), it allows research within any radioisotope diagnostics laboratory equipped with single-photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography. The innovative technology of PSMA-navigation biopsy and brachytherapy, under the control of hybrid molecular imaging, can be used in primary and recurrent cases of localized prostate cancer, increases the accuracy and reduces the traumatic nature of procedures, and increases the medical and economic efficiency of low-dose brachytherapy with ¹²⁵I micro sources. Further research is needed to improve the technology and evaluate its long-term results.

Keywords

brachytherapy low-dose rate precision / 125I / prostate-specific membrane antigen / PSMA / single-photon emission computed tomography / computed tomography / positron emission tomography / computed tomography

References

[1] Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: Globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660

[2] Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries // CA Cancer J Clin. 2021. Vol. 71, N 3. Р. 209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660

[3] Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: Globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660

[4] Nyame YA, Gulati R, Tsodikov A, et al. Prostate-Specific antigen screening and recent increases in advanced prostate cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2021;5(1):pkaa098. doi: 10.1093/jncics/pkaa098

[5] Nyame Y.A., Gulati R., Tsodikov A., et al. Prostate-Specific antigen screening and recent increases in advanced prostate cancer // JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2021. Vol. 5, N 1. Р. pkaa. 098 doi: 10.1093/jncics/pkaa098

[6] Nyame YA, Gulati R, Tsodikov A, et al. Prostate-Specific antigen screening and recent increases in advanced prostate cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2021;5(1):pkaa098. doi: 10.1093/jncics/pkaa098

[7] Pommier P, Ferré M, Blanchard P, et al. Prostate cancer brachytherapy: SFRO guidelines 2021. Cancer Radiotherap. 2022;26(1-2):344–355. doi: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.11.019

[8] Pommier P., Ferré M., Blanchard P., et al. Prostate cancer brachytherapy: SFRO guidelines 2021 // Cancer Radiotherap. 2022. Vol. 26, N 1-2. Р. 344–355. doi: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.11.019

[9] Pommier P, Ferré M, Blanchard P, et al. Prostate cancer brachytherapy: SFRO guidelines 2021. Cancer Radiotherap. 2022;26(1-2):344–355. doi: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.11.019

[10] Parker C, Castro E, Fizazi K, et al. Prostate cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(9):1119–1134. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.011

[11] Parker C., Castro E., Fizazi K., et al. Prostate cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up // Ann Oncol. 2020. Vol. 31, N 9. Р. 1119–1134. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.011

[12] Parker C, Castro E, Fizazi K, et al. Prostate cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(9):1119–1134. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.011

[13] Mottet N, van der Berg R, Briers E, et al. EAU-eanm-estro-esur-siog guidelines on prostate cancer-2020 update. Part 1: Screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. Eur Urol. 2021;79(2):243–262. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.09.042

[14] Mottet N., van der Berg R., Briers E., et al. EAU-eanm-estro-esur-siog guidelines on prostate cancer-2020 update. Part 1: Screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent // Eur Urol. 2021. Vol. 79, N 2. Р. 243–262. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.09.042

[15] Mottet N, van der Berg R, Briers E, et al. EAU-eanm-estro-esur-siog guidelines on prostate cancer-2020 update. Part 1: Screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. Eur Urol. 2021;79(2):243–262. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.09.042

[16] Nosov DA, Volkova MI, Gladkov OA, et al. Practical recommendations for the treatment of prostate cancer. Malignant Tumors. Practical recommendations RUSSCO. 2022;12(#3s2):607–626. (In Russ). doi: 10.18027/2224-5057-2022-12-3s2-607-626

[17] Носов Д.А., Волкова М.И., Гладков О.А., и др. Практические рекомендации по лечению рака предстательной железы // Злокачественные опухоли. Практические рекомендации RUSSCO. 2022. Т. 12, № #3s2. С. 607–626. doi: 10.18027/2224-5057-2022-12-3s2-607-626

[18] Nosov DA, Volkova MI, Gladkov OA, et al. Practical recommendations for the treatment of prostate cancer. Malignant Tumors. Practical recommendations RUSSCO. 2022;12(#3s2):607–626. (In Russ). doi: 10.18027/2224-5057-2022-12-3s2-607-626

[19] Tsumura H, Tanaka N, Oguchi T, et al. Comparative effectiveness of low-dose-rate brachytherapy with or without external beam radiotherapy in favorable and unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):11023. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15028-6

[20] Tsumura H., Tanaka N., Oguchi T., et al. Comparative effectiveness of low-dose-rate brachytherapy with or without external beam radiotherapy in favorable and unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer // Sci Rep. 2022. Vol. 12, N 1. Р. 11023. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15028-6

[21] Tsumura H, Tanaka N, Oguchi T, et al. Comparative effectiveness of low-dose-rate brachytherapy with or without external beam radiotherapy in favorable and unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):11023. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15028-6

[22] Tanaka N, Asakawa I, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto K. Low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: A 15-year experience in Japan. Int J Urol. 2020;27(1):17–23. doi: 10.1111/iju.14098

[23] Tanaka N., Asakawa I., Hasegawa M., Fujimoto K. Low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: A 15-year experience in Japan // Int J Urol. 2020. Vol. 27, N 1. Р. 17–23. doi: 10.1111/iju.14098

[24] Tanaka N, Asakawa I, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto K. Low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: A 15-year experience in Japan. Int J Urol. 2020;27(1):17–23. doi: 10.1111/iju.14098

[25] Fellin G, Mirri MA, Santoro L, et al. Low dose rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) as monotherapy for early stage prostate cancer in Italy: Practice and outcome analysis in a series of 2237 patients from 11 institutions. Br J Radiol. 2016;89(1065):20150981. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20150981

[26] Fellin G., Mirri M.A., Santoro L., et al. Low dose rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) as monotherapy for early stage prostate cancer in Italy: Practice and outcome analysis in a series of 2237 patients from 11 institutions // Br J Radiol. 2016. Vol. 89, N 1065. Р. 20150981. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20150981

[27] Fellin G, Mirri MA, Santoro L, et al. Low dose rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) as monotherapy for early stage prostate cancer in Italy: Practice and outcome analysis in a series of 2237 patients from 11 institutions. Br J Radiol. 2016;89(1065):20150981. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20150981

[28] Okamoto K, Okuyama K, Kohno N, Tsugawa T. Clinical outcomes of low-dose-rate brachytherapy based radiotherapy for intermediate risk prostate cancer. J Contemp Brachytherapy. 2020;12(1):6–11. doi: 10.5114/jcb.2020.92405

[29] Okamoto K., Okuyama K., Kohno N., Tsugawa T. Clinical outcomes of low-dose-rate brachytherapy based radiotherapy for intermediate risk prostate cancer // J Contemp Brachytherapy. 2020. Vol. 12, N 1. Р. 6–11. doi: 10.5114/jcb.2020.92405

[30] Okamoto K, Okuyama K, Kohno N, Tsugawa T. Clinical outcomes of low-dose-rate brachytherapy based radiotherapy for intermediate risk prostate cancer. J Contemp Brachytherapy. 2020;12(1):6–11. doi: 10.5114/jcb.2020.92405

[31] Cunha JA, Flynn R, Bélanger C, et al. Brachytherapy future directions. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2020;30(1):94–106. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.09.001

[32] Cunha J.A., Flynn R., Bélanger C., et al. Brachytherapy future directions // Semin Radiat Oncol. 2020. Vol. 30, N 1. Р. 94–106. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.09.001

[33] Cunha JA, Flynn R, Bélanger C, et al. Brachytherapy future directions. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2020;30(1):94–106. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.09.001

[34] Afshar-Oromieh A. PSMA-ligand imaging in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In: Clinical Nuclear Medicine: Second Edition. Springer International Publishing; 2020. Р. 755–763. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_25

[35] Afshar-Oromieh A. PSMA-ligand imaging in the diagnosis of prostate cancer // Clinical Nuclear Medicine: Second Edition. Springer International Publishing, 2020. Р. 755–763. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_25

[36] Afshar-Oromieh A. PSMA-ligand imaging in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In: Clinical Nuclear Medicine: Second Edition. Springer International Publishing; 2020. Р. 755–763. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_25

[37] Zippel C, Ronski SC, Bohnet-Joschko S, et al. Current status of PSMA-radiotracers for prostate cancer: Data analysis of prospective trials listed on clinicaltrials.gov. Pharmaceuticals. 2020;13(1):12. doi: 10.3390/ph13010012

[38] Zippel C., Ronski S.C., Bohnet-Joschko S., et al. Current status of PSMA-radiotracers for prostate cancer: Data analysis of prospective trials listed on clinicaltrials.gov // Pharmaceuticals. 2020. Vol. 13, N 1. Р. 12. doi: 10.3390/ph13010012

[39] Zippel C, Ronski SC, Bohnet-Joschko S, et al. Current status of PSMA-radiotracers for prostate cancer: Data analysis of prospective trials listed on clinicaltrials.gov. Pharmaceuticals. 2020;13(1):12. doi: 10.3390/ph13010012

[40] Zyryanov AV, Oshchepkov VN, Sviridov PV, et al. Recommendations for the treatment of prostate cancer with low-dose permanent interstitial radiation therapy (brachytherapy). Expert meeting of the Association of Brachytherapists of Russia (OBR), October 4, 2014, Moscow. Experimental Clin Urol. 2015;(2):37–46. (In Russ).

[41] Зырянов А.В., Ощепков В.Н., Свиридов П.В., и др. Рекомендации по лечению рака предстательной железы с помощью низкодозной перманентной внутритканевой лучевой терапии (брахитерапии). Экспертное совещание Объединения брахитерапевтов России (ОБР), 4 октября 2014, Москва // Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2015. № 2. С. 37–46.

[42] Zyryanov AV, Oshchepkov VN, Sviridov PV, et al. Recommendations for the treatment of prostate cancer with low-dose permanent interstitial radiation therapy (brachytherapy). Expert meeting of the Association of Brachytherapists of Russia (OBR), October 4, 2014, Moscow. Experimental Clin Urol. 2015;(2):37–46. (In Russ).

[43] Kasivisvanathan V, Rannikko AS, Borghi M, et al. MRI-targeted or standard biopsy for prostate-cancer diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(19):1767–1777 doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1801993

[44] Kasivisvanathan V., Rannikko A.S., Borghi M., et al. MRI-Targeted or standard biopsy for prostate-cancer diagnosis // N Engl J Med. 2018. Vol. 378, N 19. Р. 1767–1777. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1801993

[45] Kasivisvanathan V, Rannikko AS, Borghi M, et al. MRI-targeted or standard biopsy for prostate-cancer diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(19):1767–1777 doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1801993

[46] Sazuka T, Imamoto T, Namekawa T, et al. Analysis of preoperative detection for apex prostate cancer by transrectal biopsy. Prostate Cancer. 2013;2013:705865. doi: 10.1155/2013/705865

[47] Sazuka T., Imamoto T., Namekawa T., et al. Analysis of preoperative detection for apex prostate cancer by transrectal biopsy // Prostate Cancer. 2013. Vol. 2013. Р. 705865. doi: 10.1155/2013/705865

[48] Sazuka T, Imamoto T, Namekawa T, et al. Analysis of preoperative detection for apex prostate cancer by transrectal biopsy. Prostate Cancer. 2013;2013:705865. doi: 10.1155/2013/705865

[49] Tewes S, Peters I, Tiemeyer A, et al. Evaluation of MRI/ Ultrasound fusion-guided prostate biopsy using transrectal and transperineal approaches. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2176471. doi: 10.1155/2017/2176471

[50] Tewes S., Peters I., Tiemeyer A., et al. Evaluation of MRI/ Ultrasound fusion-guided prostate biopsy using transrectal and transperineal approaches // Biomed Res Int. 2017. Vol. 2017. Р. 2176471. doi: 10.1155/2017/2176471

[51] Tewes S, Peters I, Tiemeyer A, et al. Evaluation of MRI/ Ultrasound fusion-guided prostate biopsy using transrectal and transperineal approaches. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2176471. doi: 10.1155/2017/2176471

[52] Qiu DX, Li J, Zhang JW, et al. Dual-tracer PET/CT-targeted, mpMRI-targeted, systematic biopsy, and combined biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: A pilot study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2022;49(8):2821–2832. doi: 10.1007/s00259-021-05636-1

[53] Qiu D.X., Li J., Zhang J.W., et al. Dual-tracer PET/CT-targeted, mpMRI-targeted, systematic biopsy, and combined biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: A pilot study // Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2022. Vol. 49, N 8. Р. 2821–2832. doi: 10.1007/s00259-021-05636-1

[54] Qiu DX, Li J, Zhang JW, et al. Dual-tracer PET/CT-targeted, mpMRI-targeted, systematic biopsy, and combined biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: A pilot study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2022;49(8):2821–2832. doi: 10.1007/s00259-021-05636-1

[55] Donato P, Morton A, Yaxley J, et al. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT better characterizes localised prostate cancer after MRI and transperineal prostate biopsy: Is 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT guided biopsy the future? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020;47(8):1843–1851. doi: 10.1007/s00259-019-04620-0

[56] Donato P., Morton A., Yaxley J., et al. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT better characterizes localised prostate cancer after MRI and transperineal prostate biopsy: Is 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT guided biopsy the future? // Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020. Vol. 47, N 8. Р. 1843–1851. doi: 10.1007/s00259-019-04620-0

[57] Donato P, Morton A, Yaxley J, et al. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT better characterizes localised prostate cancer after MRI and transperineal prostate biopsy: Is 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT guided biopsy the future? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020;47(8):1843–1851. doi: 10.1007/s00259-019-04620-0

[58] Zhang LL, Li WC, Xu Z, et al. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT targeted biopsy for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer compared with transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy: A prospective randomized single-centre study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021;48(2):483–492. doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04863-2

[59] Zhang L.L., Li W.C., Xu Z., et al. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT targeted biopsy for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer compared with transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy: A prospective randomized single-centre study // Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021. Vol. 48, N 2. Р. 483–492 doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04863-2

[60] Zhang LL, Li WC, Xu Z, et al. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT targeted biopsy for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer compared with transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy: A prospective randomized single-centre study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021;48(2):483–492. doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04863-2

[61] Duan H, Ghanouni P, Daniel B, et al. A pilot study of 68Ga-PSMA11 and 68Ga-RM2 PET/MRI for biopsy guidance in patients with suspected prostate cancer. J Nuclear Med. 2022;64(5):744–750. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264448

[62] Duan H., Ghanouni P., Daniel B., et al. A pilot study of 68Ga-PSMA11 and 68Ga-RM2 PET/MRI for biopsy guidance in patients with suspected prostate cancer // J Med. 2022. Vol. 64, N 5. Р. 744–750. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264448

[63] Duan H, Ghanouni P, Daniel B, et al. A pilot study of 68Ga-PSMA11 and 68Ga-RM2 PET/MRI for biopsy guidance in patients with suspected prostate cancer. J Nuclear Med. 2022;64(5):744–750. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264448

[64] Chin J, Rumble RB, Kollmeier M, et al. Brachytherapy for patients with prostate cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology / Cancer Care Ontario joint guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(15):1737–1745. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.72.0466

[65] Chin J., Rumble R.B., Kollmeier M., et al. Brachytherapy for patients with prostate cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology / Cancer Care Ontario joint guideline update // J Clin Oncol. 2017. Vol. 35, N 15. Р. 1737–1745. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.72.0466

[66] Chin J, Rumble RB, Kollmeier M, et al. Brachytherapy for patients with prostate cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology / Cancer Care Ontario joint guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(15):1737–1745. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.72.0466

[67] Basu S, Alavi A. SPECT-CT and PET-CT in oncology: An overview. Curr Med Imaging Rev. 2011;7(3):202–209. doi: 10.2174/157340511796411168

[68] Basu S., Alavi A. SPECT-CT and PET-CT in oncology: An overview // Curr Med Imaging Rev. 2011. Vol. 7, N 3. Р. 202–209. doi: 10.2174/157340511796411168

[69] Basu S, Alavi A. SPECT-CT and PET-CT in oncology: An overview. Curr Med Imaging Rev. 2011;7(3):202–209. doi: 10.2174/157340511796411168

[70] Soldatov A, von Klot CA, Walacides D, et al. Patterns of progression after 68Ga-PSMA-Ligand PET/CT-Guided radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019;103(1):95–104. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.08.066

[71] Soldatov A., von Klot C.A., Walacides D., et al. Patterns of progression after 68Ga-PSMA-ligand PET/CT-guided radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer // Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019. Vol. 103, N 1. Р. 95–104. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.08.066

[72] Soldatov A, von Klot CA, Walacides D, et al. Patterns of progression after 68Ga-PSMA-Ligand PET/CT-Guided radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019;103(1):95–104. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.08.066

[73] Werner P, Neumann C, Eiber M, et al. [99cmTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S-SPECT/CT: experience in prostate cancer imaging in an outpatient center. EJNMMI Res. 2020;10(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s13550-020-00635-z

[74] Werner P., Neumann C., Eiber M., et al. [99cmTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S-SPECT/CT: experience in prostate cancer imaging in an outpatient center // EJNMMI Res. 2020. Vol. 10, N 1. Р. 45. doi: 10.1186/s13550-020-00635-z

[75] Werner P, Neumann C, Eiber M, et al. [99cmTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S-SPECT/CT: experience in prostate cancer imaging in an outpatient center. EJNMMI Res. 2020;10(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s13550-020-00635-z

[76] Berliner C, Steinhelfer L, Chantadisai M, et al. Delayed imaging improves lesion detectability in [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S SPECT/CT in recurrentprostate cancer. J Nucl Med. 2023;64(7):1036–1042. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265252

[77] Berliner C., Steinhelfer L., Chantadisai M., et al. Delayed imaging improves lesion detectability in [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S SPECT/CT in recurrentprostate cancer // J Nucl Med. 2023. Vol. 64, N 7. Р. 1036–1042. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265252

[78] Berliner C, Steinhelfer L, Chantadisai M, et al. Delayed imaging improves lesion detectability in [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S SPECT/CT in recurrentprostate cancer. J Nucl Med. 2023;64(7):1036–1042. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265252

[79] Rumyantsev PO. The increasing role of functional imaging methods for navigation of remote radiotherapy and brachytherapy on the example of prostate cancer. Digital Diagnostics. 2022;2(4):488–497. (In Russ). doi: 10.17816/DD96197

[80] Румянцев П.О. Возрастающая роль методов функциональной визуализации для навигации дистанционной радиотерапии и брахитерапии на примере рака предстательной железы // Digital Diagnostics. 2022. Т. 2, № 4. С. 488–497. doi: 10.17816/DD96197

[81] Rumyantsev PO. The increasing role of functional imaging methods for navigation of remote radiotherapy and brachytherapy on the example of prostate cancer. Digital Diagnostics. 2022;2(4):488–497. (In Russ). doi: 10.17816/DD96197

[82] Patent RUS № RU 2788859 С2. Agibalov DYu, Degtyarev MV, Rumyantsev PO, et al. Method of targeted brachytherapy of prostate cancer under the navigation of hybrid PSMA-receptor scintigraphy. Available from: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU2788859C2_20230125. Accessed: 15.08.2023.

[83] Патент РФ на изобретение № RU 2788859 С2. Агибалов Д.Ю., Дегтярев М.В., Румянцев П.О., и др. Способ прицельной брахитерапии рака предстательной железы под навигацией гибридной ПСМА-рецепторной сцинтиграфии. Режим доступа: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU2788859C2_20230125. Дата обращения: 15.08.2023.

[84] Patent RUS № RU 2788859 С2. Agibalov DYu, Degtyarev MV, Rumyantsev PO, et al. Method of targeted brachytherapy of prostate cancer under the navigation of hybrid PSMA-receptor scintigraphy. Available from: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU2788859C2_20230125. Accessed: 15.08.2023.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector