Homonymous hemianopia and visual neglect: I — phenomenology, diagnosis

Abstract

Hemianopia and unilateral spatial neglect are the most common visual-spatial disorders that occur after a right hemisphere stroke. Due to the similarity of their symptoms, health care professionals often need to establish a differential diagnosis between these two disorders.

This article is the first part of the literature review and is devoted to the discussion of the phenomenology and diagnostic methods of homonymous hemianopia and neglect. For the first time in the Russian literature, the use of the eytracking method in patients with homonymous hemianopia and neglect is highlighted. The article also provides criteria for the differences between the two disorders.

The article contains useful information for health care professionals to make an appropriate diagnosis, which implies subsequent rehabilitation procedures. Rehabilitation methods will be described in detail in the second part of the literature review.

Keywords

homonymous hemianopia / hemispatial neglect / diagnosis / eye tracking

References

[1] Rowe F, Brand D, Jackson CA, et al. Visual impairment following stroke: do stroke patients require vision assessment? Age Ageing. 2009;38:188–93. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afn230

[2] Rowe F., Brand D., Jackson C.A., et al. Visual impairment following stroke: do stroke patients require vision assessment? // Age Ageing. 2009. Vol. 38. Р. 188–93. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afn230

[3] Osawa A, Maeshima S. Unilateral spatial neglect due to stroke. In: Dehkharghani S, editor. Stroke [Internet]. Brisbane (AU): Exon Publications; 2021. Chapter 7. doi: 10.36255/exonpublications.stroke.spatialneglect.2021

[4] Osawa A., Maeshima S. Unilateral spatial neglect due to stroke. In: Dehkharghani S., editor. Stroke [Internet]. Brisbane (AU): Exon Publications, 2021. Chapter 7. doi: 10.36255/exonpublications.stroke.spatialneglect.2021

[5] Russkih OA, Perevoshhikov PV, Bronnikov VA. The syndrome of neglect (agnosia) in post-stroke patients and possibilities of neuropsychological rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the VII Siberian Psychological Forum “Complex Human Research: Psychology”; Tomsk, 28-29 November 2017. Tomsk: Izdatel’skii Dom Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta; 2017. P. 127–130. (In Russ).

[6] Русских О.А., Перевощиков П.В., Бронников В.А. Синдром игнорирования (неглекта) у постинсультных пациентов и возможности нейропсихологической реабилитации // Материалы VII Сибирского психологического форума «Комплексные исследования человека: психология»; Томск, 28–29 ноября 2017 г. Томск: Издательский Дом Томского государственного университета, 2017. С. 127–130.

[7] Bolognini N, Vallar G. Hemianopia, spatial neglect, and their multisensory rehabilitation. In: Sathian K, Ramachandran VS, editors. Multisensory Perception. Cambridge, MA, USA: Academic Press; 2020. Р. 423–447. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-812492-5.00019-X

[8] Bolognini N., Vallar G. Hemianopia, spatial neglect, and their multisensory rehabilitation. In: Sathian K., Ramachandran V.S., editors. Multisensory perception. Cambridge, MA, USA: Academic Press, 2020. Р. 423–447. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-812492-5.00019-X

[9] Evald L, Wilms I, Nordfang M. Assessment of spatial neglect in clinical practice: a nationwide survey. Neuropsychol Rehab. 2021;31(9):1374–1389. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1778490

[10] Evald L., Wilms I., Nordfang M. Assessment of spatial neglect in clinical practice: a nationwide survey // Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2021. Vol. 31, N 9. Р. 1374–1389. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1778490

[11] Pula JH, Yuen CA. Eyes and stroke: the visual aspects of cerebrovascular disease. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2017;2(4):210–220. doi: 10.1136/svn-2017-000079

[12] Pula J.H., Yuen C.A. Eyes and stroke: the visual aspects of cerebrovascular disease // Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2017. Vol. 2, N 4. Р. 210–220. doi: 10.1136/svn-2017-000079

[13] Rowe FJ, Wright D, Brand D, et al. A prospective profile of visual field loss following stroke: prevalence, type, rehabilitation, and outcome. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:719096. doi: 10.1155/2013/719096

[14] Rowe F.J., Wright D., Brand D., et al. A prospective profile of visual field loss following stroke: prevalence, type, rehabilitation, and outcome // Biomed Res Int. 2013. Vol. 2013. Р. 719096. doi: 10.1155/2013/719096

[15] Glisson CC. Visual loss due to optic chiasm and retrochiasmal visual pathway lesions. Continuum. 2014;20:907–921. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000453312.37143.d2

[16] Glisson C.C. Visual loss due to optic chiasm and retrochiasmal visual pathway lesions // Continuum. 2014. Vol. 20. Р. 907–921. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000453312.37143.d2

[17] Heilman KM, Valenstein E. Mechanisms underlying hemispatial neglect. Ann Neurol. 1979;5(2):166–170. doi: 10.1002/ana.410050210

[18] Heilman K.M., Valenstein E. Mechanisms underlying hemispatial neglect // Ann Neurol. 1979. Vol. 5, N 2. Р. 166–170. doi: 10.1002/ana.410050210

[19] Dobrohotova TA. Neuropsychiatry. 2nd revised and updated. Moscow: Binom; 2016. 304 p. (In Russ).

[20] Доброхотова Т.А. Нейропсихиатрия. Изд. 2-е, испр. Москва: Бином, 2016. 304 с.

[21] Hedna VS, Bodhit AN, Ansari S, et al. Hemispheric differences in ischemic stroke: is left-hemisphere stroke more common? J Clin Neurol. 2013;9(2):97–102. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2013.9.2.97

[22] Hedna V.S., Bodhit A.N., Ansari S., et al. Hemispheric differences in ischemic stroke: is left-hemisphere stroke more common? // J Clin Neurol. 2013. Vol. 9, N 2. Р. 97–102. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2013.9.2.97

[23] Buxbaum LJ, Ferraro MK, Veramonti T, et al. Hemispatial neglect: Subtypes, neuroanatomy, and disability. Neurology. 2004;62(5): 749–756. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000113730.73031.f4

[24] Buxbaum L.J., Ferraro M.K., Veramonti T., et al. Hemispatial neglect: subtypes, neuroanatomy, and disability // Neurology. 2004. Vol. 62, N 5. Р. 749–756. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000113730.73031.f4

[25] Chen P, Hreha K, Kong Y, Barrett AM. Impact of spatial neglect on stroke rehabilitation: evidence from the setting of an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Arch Phys Med Rehal. 2015;96(8):1458–1466. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.03.019

[26] Chen P., Hreha K., Kong Y., Barrett A.M. Impact of spatial neglect on stroke rehabilitation: evidence from the setting of an inpatient rehabilitation facility // Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015. Vol. 96, N 8. Р. 1458–1466. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.03.019

[27] Kortte K, Hillis AE. Recent advances in the understanding of neglect and anosognosia following right hemisphere stroke. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009;9(6):459–465. doi: 10.1007/s11910-009-0068-8

[28] Kortte K., Hillis A.E. Recent advances in the understanding of neglect and anosognosia following right hemisphere stroke // Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009. Vol. 9, N 6. Р. 459–465. doi: 10.1007/s11910-009-0068-8

[29] Grigoreva VN, Kovyazina MS, Thostov ASh. Cognitive rehabilitation of patients with stroke and traumatic brain injury. 2nd ed. Nizhnii Novgorod: Izdatel’stvo Nizhegorodskoi gosudarstvennoi meditsinskoi akademii; 2013. 324 p. (In Russ).

[30] Григорьева В.Н., Ковязина М.С., Тхостов А.Ш. Когнитивная реабилитация больных с инсультом и черепно-мозговой травмой. 2-е изд. Нижний Новгород: Изд-во Нижегород. гос. мед. акад., 2013. 324 с.

[31] Semrau J, Wang J, Herter T, et al. Relationship between visuospatial neglect and kinesthetic deficits after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015;29:318–328. doi: 10.1177/1545968314545173

[32] Semrau J., Wang J., Herter T., et al. Relationship between visuospatial neglect and kinesthetic deficits after stroke // Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015. Vol. 29. Р. 318–328. doi: 10.1177/1545968314545173

[33] Spreij LA, Ten Brink AF, Visser-Meily JM, Nijboer TC. Simulated driving: the added value of dynamic testing in the assessment of visuo-spatial neglect after stroke. J Neuropsychol. 2020;14(1):28–45. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12172

[34] Spreij L.A., Ten Brink A.F., Visser-Meily J.M., Nijboer T.C. Simulated driving: the added value of dynamic testing in the assessment of visuo-spatial neglect after stroke // J Neuropsychol. 2020. Vol. 14, N 1. Р. 28–45. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12172

[35] Bellas DN, Novelly RA, Eskenazi B, Wasserstein J. Unilateral displacement in the olfactory sense: a manifestation of the unilateral neglect syndrome. Cortex. 1988;24(2):267–275. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(88)80035-2

[36] Bellas D.N., Novelly R.A., Eskenazi B., Wasserstein J. Unilateral displacement in the olfactory sense: a manifestation of the unilateral neglect syndrome // Сortex. 1988. Vol. 24, N 2. Р. 267–275. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(88)80035-2

[37] Ting DS, Pollock A, Dutton GN, et al. Visual neglect following stroke: current concepts and future focus. Surv Ophthalmol. 2011; 56(2):114–134. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.08.001

[38] Ting D.S., Pollock A., Dutton G.N., et al. Visual neglect following stroke: current concepts and future focus // Surv Ophthalmol. 2011. Vol. 56, N 2. Р. 114–134. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.08.001

[39] Bisiach E, Geminiani G, Berti A, Rusconi ML. Perceptual and premotor factors of unilateral neglect. Neurology. 1990;40:1278. doi: 10.1212/WNL.40.8.1278

[40] Bisiach E., Geminiani G., Berti A., Rusconi M.L. Perceptual and premotor factors of unilateral neglect // Neurology. 1990. Vol. 40. Р. 1278. doi: 10.1212/WNL.40.8.1278

[41] Rode G, Pagliari C, Huchon L, et al. Semiology of neglect: an update. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2017;60(3):177–185. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.03.003

[42] Rode G., Pagliari C., Huchon L., et al. Semiology of neglect: an update // Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2017. Vol. 60, N 3. Р. 177–185. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.03.003

[43] Barrett AM, Goedert KM, Carter AR, Chaudhari A. Spatial neglect treatment: the brain’s spatial-motor Aiming systems. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2022;32(5):662–688. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1862678

[44] Barrett A.M., Goedert K.M., Carter A.R., Chaudhari A. Spatial neglect treatment: the brain’s spatial-motor Aiming systems // Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2022. Vol. 32, N 5. Р. 662–688. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1862678

[45] Rode G, Cotton F, Revol P, et al. Representation and disconnection in imaginal neglect. Neuropsychologia. 2010;48:2903–2911. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.05.032

[46] Rode G., Cotton F., Revol P., et al. Representation and disconnection in imaginal neglect // Neuropsychologia. 2010. Vol. 48. Р. 2903–2911. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.05.032

[47] Spaccavento S, Cellamare F, Falcone R, et al. Effect of subtypes of neglect on functional outcome in stroke patients. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2017;60(6):376–381. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2017.07.245

[48] Spaccavento S., Cellamare F., Falcone R., et al. Effect of subtypes of neglect on functional outcome in stroke patients // Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2017. Vol. 60, N 6. Р. 376–381. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2017.07.245

[49] Ten Brink AF, Biesbroek JM, Oort Q, et al. Peripersonal and extrapersonal visuospatial neglect in different frames of reference: a brain lesion-symptom mapping study. Behav Brain Res. 2019; 1(356):504–515. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.06.010

[50] Ten Brink A.F., Biesbroek J.M., Oort Q., et al. Peripersonal and extrapersonal visuospatial neglect in different frames of reference: a brain lesion-symptom mapping study // Behav Brain Res. 2019. Vol. 1, N 356. Р. 504–515. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.06.010

[51] Karnath HO, Rorden C. The anatomy of spatial neglect. Neuropsychologia. 2012;50(6):1010–1017. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.027

[52] Karnath H.O., Rorden C. The anatomy of spatial neglect // Neuropsychologia. 2012. Vol. 50, N 6. Р. 1010–1017. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.027

[53] Montedoro V, Alsamour M, Dehem S, et al. Robot diagnosis test for egocentric and allocentric hemineglect. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2019;34(4):481–494. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acy062

[54] Montedoro V., Alsamour M., Dehem S., et al. Robot diagnosis test for egocentric and allocentric hemineglect // Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2019. Vol. 34, N 4. Р. 481–494. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acy062

[55] Grigorieva VN, Sorokina TA. Anosognosia in patients with acute hemispheric ischemic stroke. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2016;8(2):31–35. (In Russ). doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2016-2-31-35

[56] Григорьева В.Н., Сорокина Т.А. Анозогнозия у больных острым полушарным ишемическим инсультом // Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2016. Т. 8, № 2. С. 31–35. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2016-2-31-35

[57] Damulin IV, Ekusheva EV. Neuroplasticity processes after stroke. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2014;(3):69–74. (In Russ). doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2014-3-69-74

[58] Никитаева Е. В. Опыт организации психологического сопровождения пациентов с синдромом неглекта в остром периоде ишемического инсульта // Бюллетень медицинских Интернет-конференций. 2020. Т. 10, №4. С. 130-132.

[59] Bartolomeo P. Attention disorders after right brain damage: living in halved worlds. Springer-Verlag London; 2014.

[60] Bartolomeo P. Attention disorders after right brain damage: living in halved worlds. Springer-Verlag London, 2014.

[61] Nikitaeva EV. Neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients with neglecta syndrome (syndrome of unilateral visual-spatial ignoring): methodical manual. Kazan: Buk; 2021. 50 р. (In Russ).

[62] Никитаева Е.В. Нейропсихологическая реабилитация пациентов с синдромом неглекта (синдромом одностороннего зрительно-пространственного игнорирования): методическое пособие. Казань: Бук, 2021. 50 с.

[63] Posner MI, Rothbart MK, Ghassemzadeh H. Restoring attention networks. Yale J Biol Med. 2019;92(1):139–143.

[64] Posner M.I., Rothbart M.K., Ghassemzadeh H. Restoring attention networks // Yale J Biol Med. 2019. Vol. 92, N 1. Р. 139–143.

[65] Corbetta M, Shulman GL. Spatial neglect and attention networks. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2011;34:569–599. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113731

[66] Corbetta M., Shulman G.L. Spatial neglect and attention networks // Annu Rev Neurosci. 2011. Vol. 34. Р. 569–599. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113731

[67] Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al., editors. Neuroscience. 3rd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2004. 835 p.

[68] Purves D., Augustine G.J., Fitzpatrick D., et al., editors. Neuroscience. 3rd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, 2004. 835 p.

[69] Sperber C, Clausen J, Benke T, Karnath HO. The anatomy of spatial neglect after posterior cerebral artery stroke. Brain Commun. 2020;2(2):fcaa163. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa163

[70] Sperber C., Clausen J., Benke T., Karnath H.O. The anatomy of spatial neglect after posterior cerebral artery stroke // Brain Commun. 2020. Vol. 2, N 2. Р. fcaa163. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa163

[71] Chechlacz M, Rotshtein P, Bickerton WL, et al. Separating neural correlates of allocentric and egocentric neglect: distinct cortical sites and common white matter disconnections. Cogn Neuropsychol. 2010;27(3):277–303. doi: 10.1080/02643294.2010.519699

[72] Chechlacz M., Rotshtein P., Bickerton W.L., et al. Separating neural correlates of allocentric and egocentric neglect: distinct cortical sites and common white matter disconnections // Cogn Neuropsychol. 2010. Vol. 27, N 3. Р. 277–303. doi: 10.1080/02643294.2010.519699

[73] Rousseaux M, Allart E, Bernati T, Saj A. Anatomical and psychometric relationships of behavioral neglect in daily living. Neuropsychologia. 2015;70:64–70. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.011

[74] Rousseaux M., Allart E., Bernati T., Saj A. Anatomical and psychometric relationships of behavioral neglect in daily living // Neuropsychologia. 2015. Vol. 70. Р. 64–70. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.011

[75] Zhang WN, Pan YH, Wang XY, Zhao Y. A prospective study of the incidence and correlated factors of post-stroke depression in China. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e78981. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078981

[76] Zhang W.N., Pan Y.H., Wang X.Y., Zhao Y. A prospective study of the incidence and correlated factors of post-stroke depression in China // PLoS One. 2013. Vol. 8, N 11. Р. e78981. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078981

[77] Zihl J. Rehabilitation of visual disorders after brain injury. 2nd ed. (Neuropsychological rehabilitation: a modular handbook). University of Glasgow, UK; 2011. 288 р.

[78] Zihl J. Rehabilitation of visual disorders after brain injury. 2nd ed. (Neuropsychological rehabilitation: a modular handbook). University of Glasgow, UK, 2011. 288 р.

[79] Nijboer TC, Kollen BJ, Kwakkel G. Time course of visuospatial neglect early after stroke: a longitudinal cohort study. Cortex. 2013;49(8):2021–2027. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.11.006

[80] Nijboer T.C., Kollen B.J., Kwakkel G. Time course of visuospatial neglect early after stroke: a longitudinal cohort study // Cortex. 2013. Vol. 49, N 8. Р. 2021–2027. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.11.006

[81] Ringman JM, Saver JL, Woolson RF, et al. Frequency, risk factors, anatomy, and course of unilateral neglect in an acute stroke cohort. Neurology. 2004;63(3):468–474. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000133011.10689.ce

[82] Ringman J.M., Saver J.L., Woolson R.F., et al. Frequency, risk factors, anatomy, and course of unilateral neglect in an acute stroke cohort // Neurology. 2004. Vol. 63, N 3. Р. 468–474. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000133011.10689.ce

[83] Kerkhoff G, Rode G, Clarke S. Treating neurovisual deficits and spatial neglect. In: Platz T, editor. Clinical pathways in stroke rehabilitation. Springer, Cham; 2021. P. 191–217. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-58505-1

[84] Kerkhoff G., Rode G., Clarke S. Treating neurovisual deficits and spatial neglect. In: Platz T., editor. Clinical pathways in stroke rehabilitation. Springer, Cham, 2021. P. 191–217. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-58505-1

[85] Saj A, Honoré J, Braem B, et al. Time since stroke influences the impact of hemianopia and spatial neglect on visual-spatial tasks. Neuropsychology. 2012;26(1):37–44. doi: 10.1037/a0025733

[86] Saj A., Honoré J., Braem B., et al. Time since stroke influences the impact of hemianopia and spatial neglect on visual-spatial tasks // Neuropsychology. 2012. Vol. 26, N 1. Р. 37–44. doi: 10.1037/a0025733

[87] Pouget MC, Lévy-Bencheton D, Prost M, et al. Acquired visual field defects rehabilitation: critical review and perspectives. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2012;55(1):53–74. (In English, French). doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2011.05.006

[88] Pouget M.C., Lévy-Bencheton D., Prost M., et al. Acquired visual field defects rehabilitation: critical review and perspectives // Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2012. Vol. 55, N 1. Р. 53–74. (In English, French). doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2011.05.006

[89] World Health Organization (WHO). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2001.

[90] World Health Organization (WHO). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2001.

[91] Chen CS, Lee AW, Clarke G, et al. Vision-related quality of life in patients with complete homonymous hemianopia post stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2009;16:445–453. doi: 10.1310/tsr1606-445

[92] Chen C.S., Lee A.W., Clarke G., et al. Vision-related quality of life in patients with complete homonymous hemianopia post stroke // Top Stroke Rehabil. 2009. Vol. 16. Р. 445–453. doi: 10.1310/tsr1606-445

[93] Bosma MS, Nijboer TC, Caljouw MA, Achterberg WP. Impact of visuospatial neglect post-stroke on daily activities, participation and informal caregiver burden: a systematic review. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2020;63(4):344–358. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2019.05.006

[94] Bosma M.S., Nijboer T.C., Caljouw M.A., Achterberg W.P. Impact of visuospatial neglect post-stroke on daily activities, participation and informal caregiver burden: A systematic review // Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2020. Vol. 63, N 4. Р. 344–358. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2019.05.006

[95] Dehn LB, Piefke M, Toepper M, et al. Cognitive training in an everyday-like virtual reality enhances visual-spatial memory capacities in stroke survivors with visual field defects. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2020;27(6):442–452. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2020.1716531

[96] Dehn L.B., Piefke M., Toepper M., et al. Cognitive training in an everyday-like virtual reality enhances visual-spatial memory capacities in stroke survivors with visual field defects // Top Stroke Rehabil. 2020. Vol. 27, N 6. Р. 442–452. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2020.1716531

[97] Sand KM, Wilhelmsen G, Naess H, et al. Vision problems in ischaemic stroke patients: effects on life quality and disability. Eur J Neurol. 2016;23:1–7. doi: 10.1111/ene.2016.23.issue-S1

[98] Sand K.M., Wilhelmsen G., Naess H., et al. Vision problems in ischaemic stroke patients: effects on life quality and disability // Eur J Neurol. 2016. Vol. 23. Р. 1–7. doi: 10.1111/ene.2016.23.issue-S1

[99] Chen P, Fyffe DC, Hreha K. Informal caregivers’ burden and stress in caring for stroke survivors with spatial neglect: an exploratory mixed-method study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2017;24:24–33. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2016.1186373

[100] Chen P., Fyffe D.C., Hreha K. Informal caregivers’ burden and stress in caring for stroke survivors with spatial neglect: an exploratory mixed-method study // Top Stroke Rehabil. 2017. Vol. 24. Р. 24–33. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2016.1186373

[101] Ameriso SF. Return to work in young adults with stroke: another catastrophe in a catastrophic disease. Neurology. 2018;91(20) 905–906. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006495

[102] Ameriso S.F. Return to work in young adults with stroke: another catastrophe in a catastrophic disease // Neurology. 2018. Vol. 91, N 20. Р. 905–906. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006495

[103] Appelros P, Karlsson GM, Seiger A, Nydevik I. Prognosis for patients with neglect and anosognosia with special reference to cognitive impairment. J Rehabil Med. 2003;35(6):254–258. doi: 10.1080/16501970310012455

[104] Appelros P., Karlsson G.M., Seiger A., Nydevik I. Prognosis for patients with neglect and anosognosia with special reference to cognitive impairment // J Rehabil Med. 2003. Vol. 35, N 6. Р. 254–258. doi: 10.1080/16501970310012455

[105] Bickerton WL, Samson D, Williamson J, Humphreys GW. Separating forms of neglect using the Apples Test: validation and functional prediction in chronic and acute stroke. Neuropsychology. 2011;25(5):567–580. doi: 10.1037/a0023501

[106] Bickerton W.L., Samson D., Williamson J., Humphreys G.W. Separating forms of neglect using the Apples Test: validation and functional prediction in chronic and acute stroke // Neuropsychology. 2011. Vol. 25, N 5. Р. 567–580. doi: 10.1037/a0023501

[107] Upshaw JN, Leitner DW, Rutherford BJ, et al. Allocentric versus egocentric neglect in stroke patients: a pilot study investigating the assessment of neglect subtypes and their impacts on functional outcome using eye tracking. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2019;25(5): 479–489. doi: 10.1017/S1355617719000110

[108] Upshaw J.N., Leitner D.W., Rutherford B.J., et al. Allocentric versus egocentric neglect in stroke patients: a pilot study investigating the assessment of neglect subtypes and their impacts on functional outcome using eye tracking // J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2019. Vol. 25, N 5. Р. 479–489. doi: 10.1017/S1355617719000110

[109] Müller-Oehring EM, Kasten E, Poggel DA, et al. Neglect and hemianopia superimposed. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2003;25(8): 1154–1168. doi: 10.1076/jcen.25.8.1154.16727

[110] Müller-Oehring E.M., Kasten E., Poggel D.A., et al. Neglect and hemianopia superimposed // J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2003. Vol. 25, N 8. Р. 1154–1168. doi: 10.1076/jcen.25.8.1154.16727

[111] Nyffeler T, Paladini RE, Hopfner S, et al. Contralesional trunk rotation dissociates real vs. pseudo-visual field defects due to visual neglect in stroke patients. Front Neurol. 2017;8:411. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00411

[112] Nyffeler T., Paladini R.E., Hopfner S., et al. Contralesional trunk rotation dissociates real vs. pseudo-visual field defects due to visual neglect in stroke patients // Front Neurol. 2017. Vol. 8. Р. 411. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00411

[113] Lebedev VI, Andreeva MA. Ignoring syndrome in the clinic of a brain infarction in the right carotid basin and features of its diagnosis. In: Proceedings of the distance scientific and practical conference of students and young scientists “Innovations in medicine and pharmacy”; Minsk, October 10 – November 17, 2016. Minsk: Belarusian State Medical University; 2016. P. 221–226. (In Russ).

[114] Лебедев В.И., Андреева М.А. Синдром игнорирования в клинике инфаркта мозга в правом каротидном бассейне и особенности его диагностики // Материалы дистанционной научно-практической конференции студентов и молодых ученых «Инновации в медицине и фармации»; Минск, 10 октября – 17 ноября 2016 г. Минск: Белорусский государственный медицинский университет, 2016. С. 221–226.

[115] Schaadt AK, Kerkhoff G. Vision and visual processing defcits. In: Husain M, Schott J, editors. Oxford textbook of cognitive neurology & dementia. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. P. 147–160.

[116] Schaadt A.K., Kerkhoff G. Vision and visual processing defcits. In: Husain M., Schott J., editors. Oxford textbook of cognitive neurology & dementia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. P. 147–160.

[117] Làdavas E, Tosatto L, Bertini C. Behavioural and functional changes in neglect after multisensory stimulation. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2022;32(5):662–689. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1786411

[118] Làdavas E., Tosatto L., Bertini C. Behavioural and functional changes in neglect after multisensory stimulation // Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2022. Vol. 32, N 5. Р. 662–689. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1786411

[119] Hasanov IA, Bogdanov JI. Ishemic stroke in a system of posterior cerebral arteries: problems of diagnosis and treatment. Medical Practice. 2013;1(1-2):130–134. (In Russ).

[120] Хасанов И.А., Богданов Э.И. Ишемический инсульт в бассейне задних мозговых артерий: проблемы диагностики, лечения // Практическая медицина. 2013. Т. 1, № 1-2. С. 130–134.

[121] Koval’chuk VV, Haybullin TN, Galkin AS, et al. Treatment of a neglect syndrome in movement rehabilitation of stroke patients. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2019;119(3): 29–38. (In Russ). doi: 10.17116/jnevro201911903129

[122] Ковальчук В.В., Хайбуллин Т.Н., Галкин А.С., и др. Особенности коррекции синдрома неглекта при осуществлении двигательной реабилитации пациентов с полушарным инсультом // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. C.C. Корсакова. 2019. Т. 119, № 3. С. 29–38. doi: 10.17116/jnevro201911903129

[123] Kerkhoff G, Schindler I. Hemineglekt versus hemianopsie. Hinweise zur differentialdiagnose [Hemi-neglect versus hemianopia. Differential diagnosis]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1997;65(6): 278–289. (In German). doi: 10.1055/s-2007-996332

[124] Kerkhoff G., Schindler I. Hemineglekt versus hemianopsie. Hinweise zur differentialdiagnose [Hemi-neglect versus hemianopia. Differential diagnosis] // Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1997. Vol. 65, N 6. Р. 278–289. (In German). doi: 10.1055/s-2007-996332

[125] Geeraerts S, Lafosse C, Vandenbussche E, Verfaillie K. A psychophysical study of visual extinction: ipsilesional distractor interference with contralesional orientation thresholds in visual hemineglect patients. Neuropsychologia. 2005;43(4):530–541. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.07.01

[126] Geeraerts S., Lafosse C., Vandenbussche E., Verfaillie K. A psychophysical study of visual extinction: ipsilesional distractor interference with contralesional orientation thresholds in visual hemineglect patients // Neuropsychologia. 2005. Vol. 43, N 4. Р. 530–541. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.07.01

[127] Bartolomeo P. Motor neglect. Cortex. 2021;136:159. doi: ff10.1016/j.cortex.2020.12.009

[128] Bartolomeo P. Motor neglect // Cortex. 2021. Vol. 136. Р. 159. doi: ff10.1016/j.cortex.2020.12.009

[129] Facchin A, Vallar G, Daini R. The Brentano Illusion Test (BRIT): an implicit task of perceptual processing for the assessment of visual field defects in neglect patients. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2021; 31(1):39–56. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2019.1655067

[130] Facchin A., Vallar G., Daini R. The Brentano Illusion Test (BRIT): an implicit task of perceptual processing for the assessment of visual field defects in neglect patients // Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2021. Vol. 31, N 1. Р. 39–56. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2019.1655067

[131] Kerkhoff G, Schenk T. Line bisection in homonymous visual field defects ― recent findings and future directions. Cortex. 2011; 47(1):53–58. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2010.06.014

[132] Kerkhoff G., Schenk T. Line bisection in homonymous visual field defects ― recent findings and future directions // Cortex. 2011. Vol. 47, N 1. Р. 53–58. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2010.06.014

[133] Kavcic V, Triplett RL, Das A, et al. Role of inter-hemispheric transfer in generating visual evoked potentials in V1-damaged brain hemispheres. Neuropsychologia. 2015;68:82–93. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.003

[134] Kavcic V., Triplett R.L., Das A., et al. Role of inter-hemispheric transfer in generating visual evoked potentials in V1-damaged brain hemispheres // Neuropsychologia. 2015. Vol. 68. Р. 82–93. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.003

[135] Szalados R, Leff AP, Doogan CE. The clinical effectiveness of eye-search therapy for patients with hemianopia, neglect or hemianopia and neglect. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2021;31(6):971–982. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1751662

[136] Szalados R., Leff A.P., Doogan C.E. The clinical effectiveness of Eye-Search therapy for patients with hemianopia, neglect or hemianopia and neglect // Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2021. Vol. 31, N 6. Р. 971–982. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1751662

[137] Hasegawa C, Hirono N, Yamadori A. Discrepancy in unilateral spatial neglect between daily living and neuropsychological test situations: a single case study. Neurocase. 2011;17(6):518–526. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2010.547506

[138] Hasegawa C., Hirono N., Yamadori A. Discrepancy in unilateral spatial neglect between daily living and neuropsychological test situations: a single case study // Neurocase. 2011. Vol. 17, N 6. Р. 518–526. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2010.547506

[139] Deouell LY, Sacher Y, Soroker N. Assessment of spatial attention after brain damage with a dynamic reaction time test. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005;11(6):697–707. doi: 10.1017/S1355617705050824

[140] Deouell L.Y., Sacher Y., Soroker N. Assessment of spatial attention after brain damage with a dynamic reaction time test // J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005. Vol. 11, N 6. Р. 697–707. doi: 10.1017/S1355617705050824

[141] Appelros P, Nydevik I, Karlsson GM, et al. Recovery from unilateral neglect after right-hemisphere stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26(8):471–477. doi: 10.1080/09638280410001663058

[142] Appelros P., Nydevik I., Karlsson G.M., et al. Recovery from unilateral neglect after right-hemisphere stroke // Disabil Rehabil. 2004. Vol. 26, N 8. Р. 471–477. doi: 10.1080/09638280410001663058

[143] Buslovich EV, Kulesh AA, Semashkova TD. Studying of method’s psychometric status of diagnostics unilateral spatial neglect. Social and humanitarian sciences: theory and practice. 2018; 1(2):764–774. (In Russ).

[144] Буслович Е.В., Кулеш А.А., Семашкова Т.Д. Изучение психометрического статуса методики диагностики симптома игнорирования // Социальные и гуманитарные науки: теория и практика. 2018. Т. 1, № 2. С. 764–774.

[145] Wilson B, Cockburn J, Halligan P. Development of a behavioral test of visuospatial neglect. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987; 68(2):98–102.

[146] Wilson B., Cockburn J., Halligan P. Development of a behavioral test of visuospatial neglect // Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987. Vol. 68, N 2. Р. 98–102.

[147] Azouvi P. The ecological assessment of unilateral neglect. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2017;60(3):186–190. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.12.005

[148] Azouvi P. The ecological assessment of unilateral neglect // Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2017. Vol. 60, N 3. Р. 186–190. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.12.005

[149] Kortman B, Nicholls K. Assessing for unilateral spatial neglect using eye-tracking glasses: a feasibility study. Occup Ther Health Care. 2016;30(4):344–355. doi: 10.1080/07380577.2016.1208858

[150] Kortman B., Nicholls K. Assessing for unilateral spatial neglect using eye-tracking glasses: a feasibility study // Occup Ther Health Care. 2016. Vol. 30, N 4. Р. 344–355. doi: 10.1080/07380577.2016.1208858

[151] Kaufmann BC, Cazzoli D, Pflugshaupt T, et al. Eyetracking during free visual exploration detects neglect more reliably than paper-pencil tests. Cortex. 2020;129:223–235. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.021

[152] Kaufmann B.C., Cazzoli D., Pflugshaupt T., et al. Eyetracking during free visual exploration detects neglect more reliably than paper-pencil tests // Cortex. 2020. Vol. 129. Р. 223–235. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.021

[153] Paladini RE, Wyss P, Kaufmann BC, et al. Re-fixation and perseveration patterns in neglect patients during free visual exploration. Eur J Neurosci. 2019;49(10):1244–1253. doi: 10.1111/ejn.14309

[154] Paladini R.E., Wyss P., Kaufmann B.C., et al. Re-fixation and perseveration patterns in neglect patients during free visual exploration // Eur J Neurosci. 2019. Vol. 49, N 10. Р. 1244–1253. doi: 10.1111/ejn.14309

[155] Behrmann M, Watt S, Black SE, Barton JJ. Impaired visual search in patients with unilateral neglect: an oculographic analysis. Neuropsychologia. 1997;35(11):1445–1458. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00058-4

[156] Behrmann M., Watt S., Black S.E., Barton J.J. Impaired visual search in patients with unilateral neglect: an oculographic analysis // Neuropsychologia. 1997. Vol. 35, N 11. Р. 1445–1458. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00058-4

[157] Walle KM, Nordvik JE, Becker F, et al. Unilateral neglect post stroke: eye movement frequencies indicate directional hypokinesia while fixation distributions suggest compensational mechanism. Brain Behav. 2019;9(1):e01170. doi: 10.1002/brb3.1170

[158] Walle K.M., Nordvik J.E., Becker F., et al. Unilateral neglect post stroke: eye movement frequencies indicate directional hypokinesia while fixation distributions suggest compensational mechanism // Brain Behav. 2019. Vol. 9, N 1. Р. e01170. doi: 10.1002/brb3.1170

[159] Fellrath J, Ptak R. The role of visual saliency for the allocation of attention: evidence from spatial neglect and hemianopia. Neuropsychologia. 2015;73:70–81. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.003

[160] Fellrath J., Ptak R. The role of visual saliency for the allocation of attention: evidence from spatial neglect and hemianopia // Neuropsychologia. 2015. Vol. 73. Р. 70–81. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.003

[161] Ptak R, Schnider A, Müri R. Bilateral impairment of concurrent saccade programming in hemispatial neglect. Neuropsychologia. 2010;48(4):880–886. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.11.005

[162] Ptak R., Schnider A., Müri R. Bilateral impairment of concurrent saccade programming in hemispatial neglect // Neuropsychologia. 2010. Vol. 48, N 4. Р. 880–886. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.11.005

[163] Shurupova M, Lizunkova K, Aizenshtein A, et al. Using eye-tracking techniques for oculomotor signs of neglect. J Eye Movement Res. 2022;15(5):143. doi: 10.16910/jemr.15.5.2

[164] Shurupova M., Lizunkova K., Aizenshtein A., et al. Using eye-tracking techniques for oculomotor signs of neglect // J Eye Movement Res. 2022. Vol. 15, N 5. Р. 143. doi: 10.16910/jemr.15.5.2

[165] Chokron S, Peyrin C, Perez C. Ipsilesional deficit of selective attention in left homonymous hemianopia and left unilateral spatial neglect. Neuropsychologia. 2019;128:305–314. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.013

[166] Chokron S., Peyrin C., Perez C. Ipsilesional deficit of selective attention in left homonymous hemianopia and left unilateral spatial neglect // Neuropsychologia. 2019. Vol. 128. Р. 305–314. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.013

[167] Sidenmark L, Gellersen H. Eye, head and torso coordination during gaze shifts in virtual reality. ACM Trans Comput Hum Interact. 2019;27:1–40. doi: 10.1145/3361218

[168] Sidenmark L., Gellersen H. Eye, head and torso coordination during gaze shifts in virtual reality // ACM Trans Comput Hum Interact. 2019. Vol. 27. Р. 1–40. doi: 10.1145/3361218

[169] Hougaard BI, Knoche H, Jensen J, Evald L. Spatial neglect midline diagnostics from virtual reality and eye tracking in a free-viewing environment. Front Psychol. 2021;12:742445. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742445

[170] Hougaard B.I., Knoche H., Jensen J., Evald L. Spatial neglect midline diagnostics from virtual reality and eye tracking in a free-viewing environment // Front Psychol. 2021. Vol. 12. Р. 742445. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742445

[171] Zhang Y, Ye L, Cao L, Song W. Resting-state electroencephalography changes in poststroke patients with visuospatial neglect. Front Neurosci. 2022;16:974712. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.974712

[172] Zhang Y., Ye L., Cao L., Song W. Resting-state electroencephalography changes in poststroke patients with visuospatial neglect // Front Neurosci. 2022. Vol. 16. Р. 974712. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.974712

[173] Ricci R, Salatino A, Garbarini F, et al. Effects of attentional and cognitive variables on unilateral spatial neglect. Neuropsychologia. 2016;92:158–166. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.004

[174] Ricci R., Salatino A., Garbarini F., et al. Effects of attentional and cognitive variables on unilateral spatial neglect // Neuropsychologia. 2016. Vol. 92. Р. 158–166. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.004

[175] Stein C, Bunker L, Chu B, et al. Various tests of left neglect are associated with distinct territories of hypoperfusion in acute stroke. Brain Commun. 2022;4(2):fcac064. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac064

[176] Stein C., Bunker L., Chu B., et al. Various tests of left neglect are associated with distinct territories of hypoperfusion in acute stroke // Brain Commun. 2022. Vol. 4, N 2. Р. fcac064. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac064

[177] Bonato M, Priftis K, Umiltà C, Zorzi M. Computer-based attention-demanding testing unveils severe neglect in apparently intact patients. Behav Neurol. 2013;26(3):179–181. doi: 10.3233/BEN-2012-129005

[178] Bonato M., Priftis K., Umiltà C., Zorzi M. Computer-based attention-demanding testing unveils severe neglect in apparently intact patients // Behav Neurol. 2013. Vol. 26, N 3. Р. 179–81. doi: 10.3233/BEN-2012-129005

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Eco-Vector