Short bowel syndrome: current understanding and principles of treatment and nutritional support

Abstract

The relevance of short bowel syndrome is demonstrated by a great number of patients with it in the overall structure of acute abdominal pathologies, high incidence of intestinal failure syndrome with maldigestion and malabsorption, severe nutrient deficiencies, severe complications, and significant mortality. The main treatment modalities discussed in the paper, including the principles of nutritional support, can reduce the incidence and severity of severe protein energy malnutrition and related complications and significantly improve the quality of life of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Search and analysis of trends in the development of treatment methods, dietary nutrition specifics, rehabilitation and nutritional support in patients with short bowel syndrome. To highlight the modern scientific base, a search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and eLlibrary systems for the period from 2013 to 2024. The search provided 42 sources that met the requirements. The paper reviews the main pathological syndromes, pathogenetic mechanisms of nutritional deficiency in SBS, modern surgical and drug therapy approaches to the treatment of this disease to improve absorption, as well as the main principles of nutritional support, i.e. the main issues and approaches in dietary nutrition, and the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition methods in the complex treatment of patients with SBS.

Keywords

short bowel syndrome / malabsorption / maldigestion / nutritional support

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